Black Civil Rights 1917-80

Front 1

Emancipation proclamation

Back 1

1863

Front 2

American civil war

Back 2

1861-65

Front 3

Enfranchisement of all except women

Back 3

1870

Front 4

Registered black voters Louisiana

Back 4

1896 - 130,000

1904 - 1,300

Front 5

KKK revived

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1915

Front 6

Plessy v Ferguson

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1896 - Supreme Court rules that despite 14th amendment separate but equal is ok

Front 7

Northern migration

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1917-32

Front 8

UNIA

Back 8

Founded 1920s - Universal Negro Improvement Association - Large Secular organisation for African Americans by Marcus Garvey

Front 9

NAACP

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National Association of the Advancement of Coloured People - established 1909

Front 10

Resettlement Administration

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Set up May 1935 to give financial aid in form of loans to farmers but only helped 3k/200k black farmers.

Front 11

Petition to get help to go to Africa

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1939, signed by 2m

Front 12

Black population of Chicago doubles

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1940-1950

Front 13

Executive order 8802

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1941 - no racial desctimination in the defence industry (not army) overseen by Fair Employment Practices Committee

Front 14

Philip A Randolph threatens march

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On Washington, 1941, about discrimination in employment - especially military

Front 15

CORE

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Congress of Racial Equality 1942

Front 16

Civil rights committee Truman

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1946

Front 17

'To Secure These Rights'

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1947 - report from civil rights committee

Front 18

2 Executive orders by Truman on civil rights

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1948 - desegregate military, fair employment practices in civil service

Front 19

Federal Employment Board

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1948 - equal treatment in federal employment agencies

Front 20

White citizens council

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1954 - to fight desegregation and civil rights

Front 21

NAACP gain members

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1940 - 50k

1950 - 500k

Front 22

Silent Protest Parade

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1917 - 10k black peoples March in NY against anti-black protests and lunching that year

Front 23

Brown v Board of Education

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1954- Supreme Court rules separate but equal public schools were unconstitutional

Front 24

Death of Emmett Till

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1955

Front 25

Montgomery bus boycotts

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Dec 1955 - Dec 1956 lasting 380 days

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% of Montgomery bus users who are black

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75% - 90% of which boycotted busus

Front 27

SCLC

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1956 during bus boycotts by MLK

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Supreme Court rules bus segregation unconstitutional

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Nov 1956

Front 29

Eisenhower's civil rights legislation

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1957 - so all Americans could exercise the right to vote, set up civil rights commission to gather info on this

1960 - federal inspections of voting places and penalties to those who tried to get in way

Front 30

% increase in black voting by 1960

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3%

Front 31

Little Rock

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1957 - Elizabeth Eckford was photographed walking through angry mob to return home after being turned away by National Guard under order of Faubus - Eisenhower sent federal troops

Front 32

Greensboro sit-ins

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Started on 1st Feb 1960

Front 33

Woolworth's deseregates

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July 1960

Front 34

SNCC

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1960 - racially intergrated students

Front 35

Freedom rides

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1961

Front 36

ICC order interstate terminals to show signs offering desegregated seating

Back 36

Interstate Commerce Commission - Nov 1961

Front 37

Albany, Georgia

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SNCC SCLC both involved in protesting against segregation 1961-62

Front 38

Lordy Pritchett

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Chief of police in Albany for the 1961-62 campaign

Front 39

Battle of Ole Miss

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1962 James Meredith denied entry to university of Mississippi, went to court, won, ordered to be allowed in, protests broke out between those for and those against. Robert Kennedy was his attorney

Front 40

JFK outlaws poll tax as a way of qualifying voters

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1962

Front 41

'Bull' Connor

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Chief of police in Birmingham

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Protests in Birmingham start

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3rd April 1963

Front 43

Birmingham protests w children

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2nd-5th May 1963

Front 44

% of Americans who thought race was America's most pressing issue

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42% after Birmingham, 4% before

Front 45

March on Washington

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August 1963

Front 46

JFK meets w black leaders to win support for civil rights legislation

Back 46

May-July 1963

Front 47

4 little girls killed

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September 1963 - 16th Street Baptist church bombing Birmingham

Front 48

'Freedom Summer'

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1964 - SNCC push voting registration, murders and violence & 1.6k/17k black ppl accepted as voters

Front 49

LBJ's CR act

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July 1964 - no segregation or discrimination, schools desegregate immediately, no discrimination in bigger businesses - others in 3 years,

Front 50

% of the pop who favoured CR legislation by 1964

Back 50

68%

Front 51

Selma

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1965 (after CR act 1964, before that in 1965)

Front 52

black people that could vote by early 1965 Selma

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300/15,000

Front 53

LBJ's Voting Rights Act

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1965 - all devices used to stop black voters are abolished and federal agents sent to register where under half of the black population are registered

Front 54

Malcolm X goes to Mecca

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Spring 1964

Front 55

Malcolm X (unsuccessfully) form the Organisation for African American Unity

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1964

Front 56

Malcolm X assassinated

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Feb 1965

Front 57

James Farmer of CORE replaced

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by Floyd McKissik 1966 - decline of CORE bc denies help from white people

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new leader of SNCC

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Stokeley Carmichael 1966 - decline of SNCC bc Carmichael leaves to join Black Panthers

Front 59

Black panthers set up

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1966

Front 60

Newton convicted of manslaughter, Seale accused

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1967

Front 61

Black panthers die down

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1969

Front 62

King assassinated

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4 April 1968

Front 63

CR Act after MLK's death

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10 April 1968

fairer access to housing

Front 64

King in Chicago

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1966

Front 65

Black population of Chicago

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700,000/3m

Front 66

Low turn-out rally in chicago

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July - only 30,000 out of expected 100,000

Front 67

King leaves Chicago

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Autumn 1966

Front 68

King publishes 'Where do we go from here?'

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1967

Front 69

King's last campaign

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March 1968, protest w sanitation workers in Memphis, Tennessee

Front 70

Swan v Charlotte Mecklenburg

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1971 - SC upholds bussing

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SC rules that white children should not be bussed into the inner-cities

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1974

Front 72

Carter appoints black man as US ambassador to UN

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Andrew Young

Front 73

Statistics to show black people hadnt made that much progress by 1980

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- half all black children lived below the poverty line

-membership of KKK tripled 1970s

-average black wages were half that of white counterparts

-high crime in ghettos

Front 74

Statistics to show black people had made progress by 1980

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-1/3 of black people = middle class

-number of black officials nearly reflected their proportion in the population

-sports and entertainment celebs

Front 75

ASWPL

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Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching - 1930

got 1355 ppl sign

Front 76

show FEPC weren't that successful

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1942 250k Ford workers in Detroit strike bc black women had been added to workforce

Front 77

by 1957 CR Act % of black Southeners not registered to vote

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80%

Front 78

violence when MLK dies

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1968

disturbances in 130 diff cities

130 deaths

Front 79

Nixon funds all white segregationist priv school

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1974

Front 80

Office of minority bussiness enterprise

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Brought in by Nixon - to encourage black business