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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An advantage of gas exchange in aquatic habitats, as compared to terrestrial, is that ___________.
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keeping respiratory membranes moist is easy
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he major criterion that determines rate of breathing is __________.
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blood carbon dioxide level
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When you perform a strenuous exercise, __________.
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respiratory muscles accessory to the diaphragm and rib muscles will contract to increase chest volume
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Carcinogenic means __________.
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cancer-causing
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The Heimlich maneuver is seen in Figure 29-8. What happens?
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The diaphragm is forced upward by the pressure of the arms pulled upward against the chest.
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Carbon monoxide poisoning kills by ___________.
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depriving cells of oxygen by competing with it for the hemoglobin in the red
blood cells |
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Take a huge breath while sitting up straight in your chair, and then do this again while slumped over. Compare the air volume entering the lungs in each situation. Why is there a difference?
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The chest and rib cage cannot be increased in size effectively when you are slumped over in a chair.
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Compare the lungs to other respiratory structures such as gills and skin. What is the major advantage of the lungs?
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The lungs have more surface area, with accompanying greater respiratory membrane for gas exchange.
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Sleep apnea is a cessation of breathing that can result in lack of sleep, irritability, lack of concentration, tiredness, and, in severe cases, heart attacks. The apnea is prompted either by a failure of the brain to communicate with the respiratory muscles or an obstructed airway associated with the tongue or muscles of the pharynx or larynx. The more efficient treatment, although one that many people prefer not to use, is the CPAP—continuous positive airway pressure. Fitting over the nose, the mask is attached to a tube that is connected to a portable low-pressure generator. How is this breathing different from normal breathing?
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The generator increases the air pressure so that the air is actually forced into the lungs. This is the opposite of what happens in a normal breath.
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Why is breathing so important?
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Both the first and second answers are correct.
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What features that facilitate diffusion of respiratory gases are shared by all animals with some type of respiratory system?
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The first three answers are all correct.
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Which of the following stages in the process of respiratory gas exchange occurs by diffusion?
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Both the first and second answers are correct.
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Which of the following represents an evolutionary adaptation that terrestrial animals have to aid in improving the efficiency of their respiratory systems?
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development of complex internal lungs with massive amounts of surface area for gas exchange
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Through what sequence of structures would a volume of air have to travel from the mouth into the lungs?
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mouth—pharynx—bronchi—bronchioles—alveoli
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What mechanism is used to transport both carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood?
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hemoglobin
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