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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Organisational Hierachy |
Organelles-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems |
Organelles... |
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Define a cell |
Basic structural and functional unit of a living organism. |
Structural. functional. alive |
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Define a tissue |
Group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function. |
Cells.. work together .. function |
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Define organ |
Structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions. |
Structure.. tissues.. together |
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Organism |
Living entity e.g. animals plants microorganisms |
Alive |
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Digestive system |
An example of an organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food |
Organs work together |
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Describe enzymes |
Large proteins and all proteins are made up of chains if amino acids. |
Proteins .. amino acids |
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Explain enzymes |
Living things produce enzymes that act as biological catalyst. They reduce the need for high temperatures and we only have enzymes to speed up useful chemical reactions in the body. |
Biological catalyst.. chemical reactions |
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Define a catalyst |
A substance which INCREASES the speed of a reaction without being CHANGED or USED UP in the reaction. |
Not used up.. speed up |
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The substrate bonds... |
With active site to make the enzyme substrate complex. The chemicals react to make the product which is then released. |
Enzyme |
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If the shape of the enzyme changes... |
It's active site may no longer work. It has been denatured. Either from high temperatures or extremes of pH. |
Denatured |
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Define denatured |
It's tertiary structure is caused to unfold possible by heat alkali acid making the molecule loose it's original state and become biologically inactive. |
Structure unfolds.. |
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Amylase: produced where and reaction catalysed |
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine. Starch ~> sugars |
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Protease: produced where and reaction catalysed |
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine Proteins ~> amino acids |
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Lipase: produced where and reaction catalysed |
Pancreas, small intestine Lipids ~> fatty acids + glycerol |
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What do digestive enzymes do? |
Convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream. |
Convert food into ... |
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Products of digestion are used to... |
Build new carbohydrates, Lipids And proteins. Some glucose is used in respiration. |
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Describe and explain bile |
Bile is an alkaline substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is secreted into the small intestine where it emulsifies fat providing a larger surface area so lipases can work. |
Alkaline.. liver... gallbladder.. small intestine... fat |
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Stomata |
Allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf |
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Guard cells |
To open and close the stomata depending on the conditions |
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Transpiration |
Evaporation and movement of water vapour out of the stomata and away from the leaf |
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Factors that affect the rate of transpiration |
Light Temperature Wind Humidity |
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Xylem |
Movement of water through a plant from it's roots to it's leaves |
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Root hair cells |
Are adapted for osmosis by having a large surface area to speed it up |
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Osmosis |
Osmosis is the movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane. |
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Diffusion |
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration |
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Double circulatory system |
Where blood is pumped to the lungs then returned to the heart before being pumped around the body |
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Major blood vessels |
Arteries Veins Capillaries |
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Coronary heart disease |
Arteries blocked by fatty deposits Reduces blood flow Decreases oxygen supply to heart |
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Epidermal tissue |
Covers the leaf Thin and transparent Allow light to reach palisade cells |
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Palisade mesophyll |
Tall and closely packed to absorb maximum light Contain chloroplasts Most photosynthesis takes place here
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Alveoli |
Gives lungs large surface area Thin moist walls Capillaries |
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Heart |
Pumps blood |
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Blood has 4 key components |
Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets |
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Pacemakers |
Sends electrical signals so it contracts at the right time |
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Risk factors for illness |
Bad diet Smoking Stress Uv exposure Genetics |
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Leafs adaptations |
Large surface area - light Thin - easy diffusion Chlorophyll - light Veins - support leaf transport water |
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Phloem |
Translocation. Movement of food substances from the stem to growing tissues and storage tissues |
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