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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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cancer
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result of uncontrolled cell division (failure to produce; over production, wrong production of enzymes)
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ATP
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adenosine triphosphate
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chap 9 228
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ADP
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adenosine diphosphate
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chap 9 228
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chloroplast
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where photosynthesis occurs
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chap 7 p 190
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phosphate groups
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are charged molecules (molecules with the same charge do not like being close to each other
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photosynthesis
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process plants use to trap sun energy and build carbohydrates, called glucose that store energy; light-dependent, two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons. (energy in a cell)
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chap 9 p. 231
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light-dependent reactions
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convert light energy into chemical energy
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chap 9 p. 231
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light-independent
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produce glucose, this process is fuled by the glucose produced in the first step (light-dependent reactions) (energy in a cell)
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chap 9 p. 231
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pigments
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molecules that absorb specific wavelenghts of sunlight
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chap 9 p. 232
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chlorophyll
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a pigment, abosorb all but green wavelenghts (Greek: chloros = pale yellow-green, phyllon = leaf)
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chap 9 p. 232
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electron transport chain
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a series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane. First step in photosynthesis
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chap 9 p. 232
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NAD+
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electron carrier molecule. (energy in a cell)
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chap 9 p. 233
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photolysis
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two molecules of water are split to replace electrons lost from chlorophyll. 2 H2O -> 4H+ + O2 + 4e-
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chap 9 p. 234
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Calvin Cycle
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second phase of photosynthesis take splace in the stroma, light independent
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chap 9 p. 234
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cellular respiration
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ther process by which mitochondria breaks down food moleculs to produce ATP.
1) glycolysis 2) citric acid cycle 3) electron transport chain |
chap 9.3
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anaerobic
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no oxygen required - glycolysis is anaerobic
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chap 9 p. 237
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glycolysis
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anaerobic, series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, 6 carbon, into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) - not efficient only a net profit of 2 ATP for each glucose molecule
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chap 9 p. 237
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citric acid cycle
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break down glucose to form ATP
(energy in a cell) |
chap 9 p. 238
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lactic acid fermentation
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glucose -> glycolysis (pyruvic acid) -> lactic acid + 2 ATP - note unlike alcoholic fermentation and cellular respiration no CO2 used. (energy in a cell)
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chap 9 p. 242
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alcoholic fermentation
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glucose -> glycolysis (pyruvic acid) -> carbon dioxide + achohol + 2 ATP(energy in a cell)
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chap 9 p. 242
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cellular respiration
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break down carbohydrates to form ATP
glucose -> glycolysis (pyruvic acid) -> carbon dioxide + water + 38 ATP (energy in a cell) |
chap 9 p. 237
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glycolysis
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-> 2 ATP
in cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that break down glucose into pyruvic acid; format a net profit of 2 ATP. 6C -> 2 NADH -> 2 H (energy in a cell) |
chap 9 p. 237
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photosynthesis
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food accumulated
energy from sun stored in glucose carbon dioxide taken in oxygen given off produces glucose from PGAL goes on only in light occurs in presence of chlorophyll. (energy in a cell) |
chap 9 p. 231
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cellular respiration
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food borken down
energy of glucose released carbon dioxide released oxygen taken in produces CO2 and H2O goes on day and night occurs in all living cells. (energy in a cell) |
chap 9 p. 237
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Name the similarities between cellular respiration and photosynthesis
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both use electron carriers and a cycle of chemical reactiosn to form ATP.
both use electron transport chains to form ATP and to create a chemical and a concentration gradient of H+ within a cell. (energy in a cell) |
chap 9
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ion
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a charged particle (ionic bond)
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chap 6
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molecule
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uncharged particle (covalent bond)
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chap 6
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