Biology Classification Of Life Pope

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In the 1730s, Carolus Linnaeus developed a naming system, called

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binomial nomenclature

Front 2

In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part

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scientific name

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The first part of the name refers to the _______ , or a group of similar species.

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Genus

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The second part, called the ________, of the name is unique to each species.

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Specific epithet

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Linnaeus's system of classification has _________ different levels.

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Seven

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From smallest to largest, the levels are species, _______, family, order, _______, phylum, and kingdom.

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Genus, class

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Each of the ranking levels is called a

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Taxon

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Just as a genus is a group of similar species, a ________ is a group of similar genera.

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Family

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An _______ is a group of similar families.

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Order

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A _______ is a group of similar orders.

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Class

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A ______ is a group of similar classes.

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Phylum

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A __________ is a group of similar phyla.

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Kingdom

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A ________ is a group of similar kingdoms.

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Domain

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As biologists learned more about the natural world, they realized that Linnaeus's two kingdoms, ________ and ________, did not represent all life.

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Animalia, Plantae

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Researchers found that microorganisms were very different from plants and animals. They were placed in their own kingdom, called _____.

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Protista

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Then, yeast, molds, and mushrooms were separated from plants and placed in their own kingdom, called _________.

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Fungi

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Because bacteria lack nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, they were separated from Protista and placed in another kingdom, called ________.

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Monera

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In the 1990s, kingdom Monera was divided into two kingdoms: _________ & ________.

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Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

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Genetic analysis revealed that two prokaryotic groups are even more different from each other, and from eukaryotes, than previously thought. This discovery lead to a creation of a new taxon, called the ______. The _____ is a larger more inclusive category than a kingdom. The three ______ system consists of _____ ______ ______

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Domain domain domain bacteria archaea and eukarya

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The domain ___ includes unicellular organisms without a nucleus. They have cell walls containing a substance called peptidoglyacan

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Bacteria

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The domain ___ also includes unicellular organisms without a nucleus. These organisms have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

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Archaea

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The domain ___ also includes unicellular organisms without a nucleus. These organisms have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

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Archaea

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The domain ____ includes the four remaining kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. All members of the domain ____ have cells with a nucleous

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Eukarya

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Most members of the kingdom ____ are unicellular organisms. Some ______ are photosynthetic: others are heterotrophs

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Protista

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Most members of the kingdom ____ are multicellular and all members of this kingdom are heterotrophs with cell walls containing chitin

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Fungi

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Most members of the kingdom ___ are multicellular and photosynthetic. Most ____ cannot move about and their cells have cell walls

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Plantae plants

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All members of the kingdom ___ are multicellular heterotrophs most animals can move about and their cells lack cell walls

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Animalia

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On early earth what steps could have led to the first cell like molecules

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Simple - > complex

Microspheres - bubbles with a lipid surrounding

RNA before DNA

Compartmentalization

Endosymbiotic theory

Front 29

What is the approximate age of earth according to many scientists?

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4.6 billion years

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On early earth what gasses were present?

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Carbon dioxide water vapor nitrogen methane ammonia hydrogen

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On early earth what gasses were present?

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Carbon dioxide water vapor nitrogen methane ammonia hydrogen

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What important gas was not present on earth?

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Oxygen

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On early earth what gasses were present?

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Carbon dioxide water vapor nitrogen methane ammonia hydrogen

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What important gas was not present on earth?

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Oxygen

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What processes define something as living?

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Storing and releasing energy

Response to stimuli

Grows and develops

Made of cells

Reproduces

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What hypothesis says making living things from non living things

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Abiotic synthesis

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What hypothesis says making living things from non living things

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Abiotic synthesis

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What hypothesis says life came from somewhere other than earth

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Panspermia

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What hypothesis says making living things from non living things

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Abiotic synthesis

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What hypothesis says life came from somewhere other than earth

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Panspermia

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What hypothesis says that God made living things

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Divine creator

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What hypothesis says making living things from non living things

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Abiotic synthesis

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What hypothesis says life came from somewhere other than earth

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Panspermia

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What hypothesis says that God made living things

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Divine creator

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What hypothesis says hydrothermal vents in the bottom of ocean and life began there

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Deep sea

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Who simulated early earth and tried to see if they could get an organic compound

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Stanley miller and Harold Ureys

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Who simulated early earth and tried to see if they could get an organic compound

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Stanley miller and Harold Ureys

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What genetic material do most scientists believe we're first?

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rna because it is simpler

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How and when do scientists believe oxygen accumulated on Earth? How did this affect the species that were on Earth at that time?

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Photosynthesis by bacteria

2.6 billion years ago

Many species were killed by the change of the environment

Front 50

How and when do scientists believe oxygen accumulated on Earth? How did this affect the species that were on Earth at that time?

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Photosynthesis by bacteria

2.6 billion years ago

Many species were killed by the change of the environment

Front 51

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

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Proposes that a symbiotic relationship evolved over time between primitive eukaryotic cells and the prokaryotic cells within them

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What supports this hypothesis of the endosymbiotic theory?

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Mitochondria and Chloroplast Similarity to prokaryotic cells

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What supports this hypothesis of the endosymbiotic theory?

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Mitochondria and Chloroplast Similarity to prokaryotic cells

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Adaptive radiation is defined as rapid periods of massive evolution of many species. What events could allow for Adaptive Radiation in the history of earth?

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Mass extinction and the need to fill empty niches in the environment