Biology

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biology

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the study of life

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living thing include both the:

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visible world of plants and animals and the invisible of bacteria and viruses

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most basic unit of life

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cell

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living creatures can

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take in energy from the environment

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this energy is transformed to maintain

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metabolic processes and for survival

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living organisms have the ability to

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rebuild and repair themselves when injured

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life can

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reproduce

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have you ever seen dirt reproduce? no..

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life can only come from other living creatures

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life is characterized by the

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response to stimuli

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life can adapt and respond to

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the demands placed on it by its environment

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there are 3 basic types of

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adaptions that occur in higher organisms

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1. reversible changes

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you live near sea level and travel to a mountainous area. You begin to experience a difficulty breathing w/ higher altitude...these symptoms go away once you return near the sea

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2. somatic changes

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occur as a result of prolonged changes in the environment

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somatic changes cont...if you stayed in the mountainous area..

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your breathing would slow (adapting). these changes are also reversible

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3. genotypic adaption caused by

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genetic mutation

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genotypic adaptions take place within the

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genetic makeup of the organism and are not reversible

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ex. of genotypic adaptation

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the development of resistance to pesticides by insects and spiders

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life is organized...

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"works", grows, reproduces, responds to stimuli and adapts

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the foundation of biology as it exists today is based off of

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5 basic principles

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1. cell theory

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all living organisms are composed of cells

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2. gene theory

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genes are inherited through gene transmission

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3. evolution

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any genetic changes in a population that's inherited over several generations

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4. homeostasis

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ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes

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5. thermodynamics

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energy is constant and energy transformation is not completely efficient

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vertebrae

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organisms that have a backbone

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ex.'s of vertebrae

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fish, amphibians

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invertebrae

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organism without a backbone

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ex.'s of invertebrae

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slugs, snails, earthworms, spiders

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characteristics of living things

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use energy, respond to their environment, made up of cells, maintain homeostasis, grow and reproduce

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organization within living things

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cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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cell

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basic unit of life

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tissue

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an aggregate of cells in an organism that have a similar structure and function

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organ

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a group of tissues that perform a specific task or group of tasks

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organ system

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a group of organs that work together to carry out a particular task

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organisms are classified by

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kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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living

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alive

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alive

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alert and active

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what do cells do?

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"building blocks of life"

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cells are the

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fundamental and basic structure of all living organisms

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all cells come from

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preexisting cells

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all cells contain the hereditary information for

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transmitting information to the next generation of cells

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hereditary

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conferred by or based on inheritance

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conferred

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grant or bestow

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your body is made up of about

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10 trillion cells

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bacteria are the

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simplest cells that exist today

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a bacteria is a

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single, cell-contained, living cell

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when you get an infection

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the bacteria are swimming around your big cells like little rowboats next to a large ship

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bacteria are a lot simpler than

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human cells

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a bacterium consists of an

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outer wrapper called the cell membrane

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and inside the membrane is a

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watery fluid called the cytoplasm

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the cytoplasm might be

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70% water

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the other 30% of the cell is filled with

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proteins called enzymes that the cell has manufactured

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along with similar molecules like

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amino acids, glucose molecules and ATP

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at the center of the cell is a

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ball of DNA

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all the work being done in any cell is being done by

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enzymes

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the purpose of an enzyme in a cell is to

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allow the cell to carry out chemical reactions very quickly

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these reactions allow the cell to

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build things to take things apart as needed

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a cell is really a little bag full of

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chemical reactions that are made possible by enzymes

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enzymes are made from

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amino acids and they are proteins