Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 6 essential nutrients for the human body? |
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Water Vitamins Minerals
|
|
|
List the parts of the alimentary canal in the order that food would travel through it. Start with the mouth and end with the anus |
Mouth> food is broken down by> Teeth (Incisors/Canines- specialized for grabbing and cutting food; Premolars/Molars- grind and crush food)> Salivary Glands (secrete saliva- mucus, water, amylase)> food is pushed to back of mouth by> Tongue> food is pushed into the> Pharynx> food is then pushed down the> Esophagus> food then enters the> Stomach> digestion continues in the stomach before moving to the> Small Intestine> digestion begins where most enzymes are added in the> Duodenum> digestion continues where nutrients are absorbed in the> Jejunum> majority of nutrients are absorbed in the> Ileum> the remaining food then continues to the> Large Intestine> food first enters the blind pouch at the upper end of the large intestine called the> Cecum> food then goes to the> Colon> the food is then stored as waste in the> Rectum> before exiting the body through the> Anus |
|
|
List the accessory organs that are part of the digestive system but the food does not travel through |
Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Appendix |
|
Label the parts of the digestive system |
1. Mouth 2. Salivary Glands 3. Esophagus 4. Liver 5. Stomach 6. Gall Bladder 7. Pancreas 8. Small Intestine 9. Large Intestine 10. Rectum 11. Anus |
|
|
State the function of the mouth |
The mouth starts the digestive tract as it is where food enters the body before continuing on to the pharynx |
|
|
State the function of the salivary glands |
Salivary glands secrete saliva to moisten the food into a bolus |
|
|
State the enzymes that break carbohydrates |
Amylase |
|
|
What organs make the enzymes that break down carbohydrates? |
Pancreas, Salivary Glands |
|
|
Where do the enzymes break down the carbohydrates? |
Mouth, Small Intestine |
|
|
State the enzymes that break down proteins |
Pepsin, Trypsin |
|
|
What organs make the enzymes that break down proteins? |
Pancreas |
|
|
Where do the enzymes break down the proteins? |
Stomach, Small Intestine |
|
|
State the enzymes/chemicals that break down fats and lipids |
Lipase |
|
|
What organs create the enzymes/chemicals that break down the fats and lipids? |
Pancreas |
|
|
Where do the enzymes/chemicals break down the fats and lipids? |
Small Intestine |
|
|
How and where are monosaccharides (glucose) absorbed in the bloodstream? |
Are absorbed into the bloodstream through the capillary network in the villi |
|
|
How and where are amino acids (protein) absorbed in the bloodstream? |
Are absorbed into the bloodstream through the capillary network in the villi |
|
|
How and where are fatty acids/glycerol (fats/lipids) absorbed in the bloodstream? |
Are absorbed into the lymph system through the lacteals in the villi |
|
|
How does the pancreas help in maintaining blood sugar levels? |
The pancreas contains two hormones that when released into the bloodstream raise and lower the blood sugar levels; the two hormones are Insulin (lower blood sugar levels) and Glycogen (raise blood sugar levels) |
|
|
Explain the difference between metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate |
Metabolic Rate: the rate at which the body converts stored energy into working energy Basal Metabolic Rate: the minimum amount of energy required to keep you alive |
|
|
Explain how the body is able to get useful energy from a molecule of glucose |
Aerobic Cellular Respiration: the series of chemical reactions that use oxygen to obtain energy from food (glucose) Glucose+Oxygen=Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy(Heat and ATP) C6H12O2+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+36ATP |
|
|
Identify some common ailments of the digestive system |
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)/ Heartburn, Diarrhea, Hepatitis (A, B, C), Crohn's Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Stomach Ulcers, Lactose Intolerance, Appendicitis, Hernia |
|
|
State the function of the pharynx |
The pharynx permits the passage of food into the esophagus |
|
|
State the function of the esophagus |
An organ consisting of a muscular tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach |
|
|
State the function of the liver |
1. regulates blood-sugar levels, removes excess nutrients, converts excess glucose to glycogen and stores it 2. secretes bile 3. reprocesses red blood cell, stores iron and certain vitamins 4. destroys bacteria and toxins and worn-out cells (detoxifies) |
|
|
State the function of the gall bladder |
A muscular sac that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver |
|
|
State the function of the stomach |
The stomach stores the food, breaks food down into chyme, mixes enzymes that break down food, and slowly empties the food into the small intestine |
|
|
State the function of the small intestine |
The small intestine mainly absorbs vitamins and minerals from the food that is being digested; it also where the most chemical digestion takes place in the body |
|
|
State the function of the large intestine |
The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water; some vitamins and minerals are absorbed through the large intestinal walls |
|
|
State the function of the pancreas |
The second-largest gland in the body: it functions as both an accessory digestive organ and as an endocrine gland. As a digestive organ the pancreas produces essential digestive juices, as an endocrine gland it produces several hormones, including insulin and glycogen, which control glucose |
|
|
State the function of the rectum |
The lower 20 cm of the large intestine, generally referred to as the lower bowel, where feces are stored |
|
|
State the function of the anus |
The opening at the lower end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes are eliminated from the body |
