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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Euglena |
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Paramecium |
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Blepharisma |
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Naeglaria |
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Chlamydomonas |
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Stentor |
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Plasmodesmata |
microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells and some algal cells, enabling transport and communication between cells. |
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Coleochaete: They are haploid, reproduce both sexually and asexually, and have true multicellular organization, with plasmodesmata communicating between adjacent cells. They are green algae |
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Chara: Genus of green algae in the family Characeae. superficially resemble land plants because of stem-like and leaf-like structures. They are found in fresh water. |
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Bryophytes |
Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts: -GAMETES OF ALL BRYOPHYTES ARE SURROUNDED BY A JACKET OFSTERILE CELLS. protects thegametes from drying out and dying. -Gametophyte is the larger dominant region -leaves are microphylls |
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Liverworts: Small, green, terrestrial plants. No true roots, stems, or leaves. They have an above ground leaf-like structure, known as a thallus, and an underground structure, known as a rhizoid. Found in moist environments. Reproduce asexually by gemmae (small circular or spherical reproductive structures which are borne inside gemmae cups). Gemmae cups form at the top of the thallus. |
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Mosses: They do not have complicated Vascular Systems. They're Nonvascular Plants. Water passes from cell to cell by osmosis. They are only a few cells thick. They do not have true Roots, Leaves, or Stems. They require Water for Fertilization. -gametophyte is haploid, produces sperm & egg -Sporophyte is diploid, produced spores by meiosis |
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Hornworts: Flowerless, spore-producing plant. |
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Lycophytes |
Lycopodium and Selaginella: - seedless plants having vascular tissue -They have true leaves, stems, and roots -Sporophyte is the larger and dominant region. -Require water for fertilization to occur -leaves developed independently -leaves are called microphylls --> narrow with single unbranched vein |
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Lycopodium: -Mostly tropical -A horizontal, branching, underground stem (rhizome) -produces roots and upright, aerial branches. -The small, microphyllous leaves are generally spirally arranged. -Sometimes sporophylls look like microphylls -other times sporophylls are grouped in cones at the end of the aerial stem. -Each sporophyte leads to a gametophyte that is monoecious (male and female parts on same plant) -Some gametophytes grow above ground and photosynthesize for energy -Other grow below ground and are associated with fungi |
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Selaginella: -branched, prostrate stem, which produces roots and upright branches that grow a few inches tall. -leaves are covered with leaves pointed in four longitudinal rows. -forms cones at the ends of the branches that house the spores. -Spores are hetersporous -Megaspores germinate to for megagametophyte, which form egg-bearing archegonia -Microspores germinate to form micropametophyte, which for the sperm-bearing antheridium. -microgametophyte nor the megagametophyte has chlorophyll; so the gametophytes, and the developing embryos in the archegonia, must obtain their nutrition from food stored within the spore. |
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Monilophytes |
Psilotum, Equisetum, Fern: -They are euphyllophytes, and seedless vascular plants. -Chloroplast DNA inversion -leaves are flat to photosynthesize efficiently -leaves posses network of veins -All are homosporous? - |
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Ferns: -Consists of one or more leaves attached to a rhizome -Most produce spores on undersides of leaves. -leaves are technically megaphylls to maximize efficiency for photosynthesis. |
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Equisetums: - leaves are greatly reduced and usually non-photosynthetic -leaves are technically megaphylls that are just reduced in size. -Stems are green and photosynthetic -Spores are produced in the Sporangium -Sporangium is located inside the strobili -Strobili is cone shaped structres at the top of stems. -Strobili are non photosynthetic |
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Psilotum: -No true leaves or roots -True stem with rhizoids. -Dichotomous branching (branches off in 2's) -Small little circles are called Enations, and they don't have any veins so they're not considered true leaves. |
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Gymnosperms |
Cycads, Ginkgo, Conifers, Gnetophytes: -All are wind pollinated -They have naked seeds (pine cones) -Things that evolved: 1. integument 2. pollen with pollen tube 3. seeds 4. Heterospory 5. Bifacial vascular cambium: allows for secondary xylem and phloem growth |
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Cycad: -Woody plants (palm trees) -Bear seeds on modified leaves called sporophylls -Large divided leaves that store water (good for droughts) -Roots have relationship with blue green algae --> roots grow out of the ground and the algae fixates Nitrogen from the air. - stem is thick and fibrous, stores starch |
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Ginkgo: -Tree is dioecious (male & female plants) -generally taller than it is wide -leaves have 2 lobes and a leathery texture -Leaves have parallel veins -seed is covered with a fleshy outer covering that splits when the seed matures - |
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Conifers: -woody plants -produce pinecones as reproductive structure -they have needles instead of leaves |
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Gnetopphytes: -Most are shrubby or woody vines -leaves occur in whorls of 3 -reproductive parts are in strobili (cones) -most are dioecious |
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Angiosperms |
Basal Angiosperms, Monocots, Eudicots: -development of an Endosperm, double fertilization, carpels, and fruit! -All have flowers at some point in their life cycle. -Flowers are reproductive organs of plant -They have small pollen grains that allow for quick and efficient fertilization -Stamens produce the pollen grains (male reproductive organ) -Carpel encloses developing seeds that may turn into fruit |
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Basal Angiosperms: -2 seedling leaves (cotyledons) -Net-like veins in leaf -numerous flattened stamed -many tepals and carpels -sepals and petals are not distinct |
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Monocots: -1 seedling leave -parallel veins in leafs -Flower parts are in multiples of 3 -No secondary growth |
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Eudicots: -2 seedling leaves -Net-like veins in leaf -Flower parts are in multiples of 4/5 -Secondary growth is normally present |
