Biology 1170 Vocab Ch 1-5

Front 1

archaea

Back 1

one of two prokaryote domains the other beign bacteria

Front 2

biology

Back 2

the scientific study of life

Front 3

cell theory

Back 3

all cells come from other cells

Front 4

deductive reasoning

Back 4

is used in testing hypothesis

Front 5

domain

Back 5

a taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are- archaea, bacteria and eukarya

Front 6

eukarya

Back 6

more complex organells, plant and animal cells

Front 7

heiarchy of biological oganization

Back 7

biosphere,ecosystem,community,population, organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, molecules

Front 8

hypothesis

Back 8

guess, tenative answer to some questio- an explanation on trial

Front 9

inductive reasoning

Back 9

important conclutions generlization that summerizes many cncurent observations

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negative feedback

Back 10

primary mechanism of homeostasis whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a responce that couteracts the initial fluctuation

Front 11

positive feedback

Back 11

physiological control mechanism in which a change in some varriable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change

Front 12

prediction

Back 12

guess at the outcome of an experiment

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prokaryote

Back 13

simpiler, less genetic material, smaller bacteria

Front 14

reductionism

Back 14

reducing complex to study simpler components- mechanistic, looking at all the parts

Front 15

science

Back 15

"to know" Latin

Front 16

steps of the scientific method

Back 16

observations>> questions>> hypothesis>> prediction>> test>>
(know the diagram)

Front 17

theory

Back 17

much broader scope- very comprehensive explanation supported by abundant evidence contrasts w/ our everyday usage

Front 18

atom

Back 18

the smallest particle of an element

Front 19

chenical bond

Back 19

atoms stay close together held by attractions

Front 20

chemical equalibrium

Back 20

in a reversible chemical reaction the point at which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate if the reverse reaction

Front 21

chemical reaction

Back 21

process leading to chemical changes in matter. involves making and breaking of chemical bonds

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compound

Back 22

chemical elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds

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covalent bond

Back 23

the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms ----- stongest kind of chemical bond

Front 24

electronshell

Back 24

energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom

Front 25

electron

Back 25

move at nealy the speed of light form a cloud around the nucleus

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electronegativity

Back 26

attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

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element

Back 27

a substnce that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means

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energy level

Back 28

the different states of potential energy that electrons have in an atom

Front 29

energy

Back 29

the ability to do work

Front 30

hydrogen bond

Back 30

weak chemical bond- but CRUCIAL. Form when a hydrogen bond atom covalently bondes to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electonegative atom

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ion

Back 31

a charged atom

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ionic bond

Back 32

because of their opposite charges, cations and anions attract eachother

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ionic compound

Back 33

compounds formed by ionic bonds also called salts

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isotope

Back 34

one of several atomic forms of an element each containing a different number of neutrons thus differing in atomic mass

Front 35

molecular formula

Back 35

a type of molecular notation indicating only the quantity of the constituent atoms

Front 36

molecule

Back 36

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Front 37

neutron

Back 37

electcally neutral particle found in the neucleus of an stom

Front 38

non polar covalent bond

Back 38

type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electonegativity

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product

Back 39

an ending material in a chemical recation

Front 40

proton

Back 40

subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom

Front 41

radioactive isotope

Back 41

an isotope that is unstable, the nucleus decays spontansously giving off detectable particles of energy

Front 42

reactant

Back 42

a starting material in a chemical reaction

Front 43

structual formula

Back 43

type of molecular notation in which the constituant atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds

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trace element

Back 44

an element indispensible for life, but required in extremly minute amounts

Front 45

valence

Back 45

the bonding capacity of an atom generally equal to the number of unpaired electrons in the atoms outermost shell

Front 46

van der Waals

Back 46

everchanging "hot spots" of positive abd negative that enable all atoms and molecules to stick to one another- they are weak and only occur when atoms and molecules are very close together

Front 47

acid

Back 47

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Front 48

adhesion

Back 48

the attraction between diferent kinds of molecules

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aqueous solution

Back 49

solution in which water is the solvent

Front 50

base

Back 50

any substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

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buffer

Back 51

resists changes to the pH of a solution when H+ or OH- is added to the solution

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calorie

Back 52

the amount of heat energy reqired to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1'C, also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releses when it cools by 1'C. The calorie usually used to indicate the energy content of food is a kilocalorie

Front 53

cohesion

Back 53

binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds

Front 54

heat

Back 54

total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form

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hydrogen shell

Back 55

sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

Front 56

hydrogen ION

Back 56

single proton w/ a charge of +1, the dissociaton of water moleclues leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion OH- and a hydrogen ion H+

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hydrophilic

Back 57

having an affinity for water

Front 58

hydrophobic

Back 58

having an aversion to water, tending to coalesce to form droplets in water

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kinetic energy

Back 59

energy of motion which is directly related to the speed of that motion

Front 60

molarity

Back 60

common measure of solute concentration referring to the # of moles of solute in 1 L of solution

Front 61

mole

Back 61

the number (mol) of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules

Front 62

pH

Back 62

a measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log (H+) and ranging in value from 0-14

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polar molecule

Back 63

a molecule (ie water)with opposite charges on opposite sides

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solute

Back 64

substance that is dissolved in a solution

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soltion

Back 65

homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances

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solvent

Back 66

dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known

Front 67

specific heat

Back 67

amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change it's temperature by 1'C

Front 68

surface tention

Back 68

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid is related to cohesion

Front 69

temperature

Back 69

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules