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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How is a substrate molecule maneuvered into the active site?
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Waals forces
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energy can be converted from one form to another but not created; is the term
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law of thermodynamics (law of conservation of mass)
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Metabolism is what type of reaction?
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chemical recation
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When energy is converted from one form to another what is given off?
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heat (energy)
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______ is when molecules that are competeting with the substrate covalently bondto teh enzymes.
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Irreversible inhibition
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Energy can be expressed as...
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"heat content" or Enthalpy
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______ are proteins with pockets in their surface(active sites)
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Enzymes
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What is the equation for heat content or Enthalpy?
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Enthalpy(H)=energY(E)+pressure(P)x Volume(V)
H=E+PxV |
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The higher the____ of a system the greater the probability to "destabilize" a certain compound or increase its entrophy
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temperature
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What determines dissociation and/or charge of a substrate or enzyme?
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pH
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What are biological catalysts?
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protiens called enzymes
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_____is with in an organism lead to changes of the energy content of the participating molecules
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chemimcal reaction (metabolism)
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______ is the additional enegy needed in reactions to help break existing chemical bonds
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activation energy
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_______ are driven toward the side of greater entropy
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reversible processes
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The change in the energy content is a measureof?
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the amount of energy released or consumed during a (chemical) reaction
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is the total energy content
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Enthalpy
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What is the most fundemental property of any chemical reaction?
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the change of free energy
( G) |
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What dertermines which molecules can bind to a given enzyme?
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shape and size
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_____ is when reactions or exothermic(realease energy) and the energy can be converted in to ATP
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exergonic
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What must happen for catalysis to occur?
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the molecule on which enzymes act (substrate must fit precisely into the active site
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What are some factors that affect enzyme activity?
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temperature and pH
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What happens when a temperature is to low or to high?
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When temperature is to low no enzyme activity (reaction)takes place (enzymes become to rigid), When temperature is to high enzymes become "denatured" (damaged).
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Any reaction that produces products containing ____ free energy will proceed spontaneously.
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less
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All organisms couple the ______ to the formation of ATP which in turn drives endergonic reactions.
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energy-yielding process
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what is the equation for free energy
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G=H-T(S)
or the change of energy at a constant temperature |
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______lower the activation enery, they do not affect the energy balance of a chemical reaction but increase the speed of a given reaction.
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catalysts
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_____ is the energy to do work
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free energy
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when is energy produced in a chemical reaction or in any type of reaction?
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When the products of a reaction contain less energy than the original reactants energy
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At what pH do reactions (enzyme activity) take place?
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between 4 and 7
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The amount of energy consumed to make a certain molecule is the same gained by its______
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oxidation
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____is when heat is needed in a reaction or requires energy
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endothermic
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What temperature can an enzyme activity take place?
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between 10 to 70 degrees (36 to 39 degrees in humans)
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____is when heat is given off.
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Exothermic
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How does enzyme stubstrate complex break down?
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It breaks down after the product P is formed ES=>E+S
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_____is a measure for disorder or the extent to which the energy of a system is unavailable. ______ is also is a spontaneouly occuring process which lead to a lower final energy content.
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Entropy
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when the substrate molecule is in the active site what is formed?
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enzyme-substrate complex
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____ is when a reaction is endothermic(needs energy to preform) and needs the ATP produced by exergonic
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endergonic
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_____ is the competition between substrates and other molecules
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Reversable competitive inhibition
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How do enzyme reactions typically proceed?
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by binding substrate S to the enzyme E and the formation of an Enzyme substrate complex
ESe+s=es |