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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emil von Behring is known for making this contribution to the field of immunology: |
antitoxins for diseases like diptheria |
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What are 3 of the characteristics displayed by specific acquired immunity: |
1. diversity 2. specificity 3. memory |
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What are 3 cell populations that can carry out ADCC: |
1. natural killer cells 2. neutrophils 3. macrophages |
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What are CD's (clusters of differentiation) and give an example: |
CD's are monoclonals that identify particular cell receptors
ex. CD8 - cytotoxic T cells |
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List 3 functions exhibited by macrophages: |
1. phagocytes
2. complement proteins 3. cytokines |
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What are M cells, where are they located and what is their function: |
M cells are flattened mucosal cells with no microvilli, located in the lumen of the small intestine.
They enhance the transfer of antigen to the pocket of immune cells |
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What are the 4 properties of immunogenicity: |
1. foreigness
2. size 3. composition 4. degradability |
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What is an adjuvant, please give two examples and their mechanism(s) of action: |
An adjuvant acts as a stimulator for the immune response system, increase in immunogenicity: helps antibody -antigen binding
alum: precipitates antigen; slow release freund's noncomplete: oil; slow release freund's complete: oil with granuloma |
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Compare IgG and IgA: |
IgG: 80% in serum; good opsonins, able to cross the placenta IgG: 10% in serum; dimer, main role in mucosal surfaces of humans: allergic response |
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What is the presumed function of IgD: |
located on B cells, adjacent to IgM; no known function: possibly something to do with tolerance
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What forms the idiotypic determinant on an Ig molecule: |
idiotypic epitope located on the hyper-variable region; Ig antigen binding +/- adjacent surface |
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List 3 biological consequences of Complement activation: |
1. causes cell lysis
2. induce inflammatory response 3. opsonize antigen |
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Which group(s) of bacteria are particularly susceptible to complement membrane attack complexes: |
gram negative bacteria
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What does the MHC gene complex have in common with complement: |
"multi-histocompatibility complex"
gene complexes present antigens to cells marking it as non-self (harmful). Complement proteins mark targets as harmful and activate and immune response |
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What is a congenic mouse strain and how were they used in research: |
Identical mouse population with one mutation used to identify MHC.
Donald Schreffler |
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MHC II receptor are expressed by these APC: |
B cells and Macrophages
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What is the role of beta-2-microglobulin: |
One the upper surfaces of mucosal associated with lymphatic tissues (MALT) with MHC1
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Give an example of a thymus-independent antigen and what is the usual host response to it: |
Thymus-independent antigen: polyclonal B cells that are activated by some mitogens
Host response is B cell proliferation and activation only IgM; no memory |
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What does somatic hypermutation occur in an Ig molecule and how does it benefit the host: |
somatic hypermutation occurs in the antigen binding region of an Ig molecule
benefits the host by providing the more than usual number of antigen binding sites of the Ig molecule |
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How does the mechanism of allelic exclusion in B cells help to protect the host: |
allelic exclusion helps protect the host by guarding it against self-reactive antibody
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Briefly tell me the function of neutrophils; mast cells and dendritic cells: |
dendritic cells: move antigen to T cells
mast cells: play a role in type I allergy; release histomines, induce inflammation neutrophils: no stain, multilobed-granulocytes; ADCC, induce inflammation |
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As a secondary lymphoid organ, what role does the spleen play in the body: |
the spleen provides a site for lymphocytes to interact with antigen; filter blood |
