Biochemistry Outcome 4

Front 1

a solution with excess hydrogen ions is a?

Back 1

acid

Front 2

a solution with excess oxide ions is a ?

Back 2

base

Front 3

Monomer

Back 3

subunit that acts as a building bliock for larger molecules

Front 4

Polymer

Back 4

a very long molecule consisting of repeated linked units

Front 5

Isomer

Back 5

compounds that have the smae simple formula but different 3 dimensional structures

Front 6

Carbon

Back 6

basis of organic chemistry

Front 7

Organic compounds are compounds with atoms of ?

Back 7

C and H together

Front 8

the four major types of organic compounds are?

Back 8

carbs lipids proteins nucleic acids

Front 9

what are carbs (general)

Back 9

sugars and starches

Front 10

what are lipids (general)

Back 10

fats, oils, waxes

Front 11

what are proteins?

Back 11

enzymes and amino acids

Front 12

what are nucleic acids (general)

Back 12

RNA DNA

Front 13

carbs structure

Back 13

C H O , H and O in a 2:1 ratio

Front 14

what are simple sugars called?

Back 14

monosaccharides

Front 15

complex sugars?

Back 15

polysaccharides

Front 16

what is a disaccharide?

Back 16

double sugar, or two monosaccharides bonded together

Front 17

polysaccharides?

Back 17

omre than 3 monosaccharides bonded together

Front 18

Carbs functions 5

Back 18

made by autotrophs
source of energy
stored as glycogen in animals
stored as starch in plants
energy released when storage is broken

Front 19

an ex: of disacchardies

Back 19

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Front 20

in a compound, if there are 135 monosacchardies how many h20 molecules?

Back 20

134

Front 21

Lipids are composed of what?

Back 21

3 molecules of fatty acids, and one glycerol

Front 22

oraganic compound composed of

Back 22

C H O

Front 23

monomers are generally?

Back 23

glycerol and fatty acids

Front 24

what is the carboxyl group

Back 24

C=O
\
OH

Front 25

what is the hydroxyl group

Back 25

OH

Front 26

fatty acids are ___ if thy contain no double bonds

Back 26

saturated

Front 27

4 lipid functions

Back 27

cell membrane
energy storage
energy per gram
non polar

Front 28

saturated fatty acids- ?

Back 28

all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds

Front 29

unsaturated fatty acids

Back 29

some carbon atoms are connected by double bonds

Front 30

phospholipids

Back 30

a lipid made up of two fatty acids and a phosphate group

Front 31

cholesterol

Back 31

a complex lipid which is part of animal cells and important in nutrition

Front 32

Triglycerides

Back 32

made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Front 33

Triglycerides

Back 33

made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Front 34

Proteins

Back 34

organic compound composed of C H O N

Front 35

the monomers for proteins are called

Back 35

amino acids

Front 36

amino acids are joined by a special type of covalent bond called a?

Back 36

pepide bond

Front 37

two amino acids joined together called a?

Back 37

dipeptide

Front 38

many amino acids joined together

Back 38

polypeptide

Front 39

proteins have 4 levels of structure

Back 39

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

Front 40

primary

Back 40

order of amino acids

Front 41

secondary

Back 41

folding of amino acid chain

Front 42

tertiary

Back 42

bending among adjacent amino acid chains

Front 43

quaternary

Back 43

folding among all the polypetides making up the protein

Front 44

enzymes usually

Back 44

break down covalent bonds to obtain energy for reactions

Front 45

the molecular shape protein

Back 45

crucial to its function

Front 46

Enzymes are (general)

Back 46

complex proteins

Front 47

enzymes can also be called ?

Back 47

catalysts

Front 48

the way enzymes work they are

Back 48

reusable

Front 49

Enzymes are very specific

Back 49

each type controls only one reaction

Front 50

"active site"

Back 50

has a specific shape on or in enzyme like puzzle where shape fits

Front 51

coenzymes

Back 51

work together with enzymes, non protein compounds which assist enzymes and must be present for enzymes to function

Front 52

substrates

Back 52

reactants of reaction

Front 53

how enzymes work 1st step

Back 53

enzynes temporarily bind to substartes to from the enzynes substrate complex

Front 54

how enzymes work 2nd step

Back 54

the enzyme then causes the reaction to take place changing the substartes but not the enzyme

Front 55

how enzymes work step 3

Back 55

the enzyme separates from the rpducts and is free to work on more substrates

Front 56

low temperature- enzyme activity is?

Back 56

low

Front 57

increase temp?

Back 57

increase enzyme activity

Front 58

enzymes wont work as quicky if ?

Back 58

there arent many substrates waiting to react

Front 59

each enzyme works best

Back 59

with a specific range of pH

Front 60

Nucleic Acids structure

Back 60

C H N O P

Front 61

monomers called _____ are bonded to a sugar and phosphate grouppp

Back 61

nucleotides

Front 62

polymer is sometimes a long, spiral shaped molecule called

Back 62

double helix DNA

Front 63

2 functions of nucleic acids

Back 63

-form a conde which contains cell instructions
-dna deoxyribosenucleic acids) master blue print

Front 64

Rna

Back 64

copy of dna, moves around cytoplasm of cell instructions for protein synthesis