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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three sources of dietary fuel in order of preferred usage? |
1. Carbohydrates. 2. Fats. 3. Proteins. |
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How many kJs of energy does 1 gram of each of the 3 fuel sources contain? |
1. CHO = 17kJ 2. Fats = 37kJ 3. Proteins = 17kJ |
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What is the brain’s only source of fuel? |
Glucose. |
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What are the three examples of energy expenditure? |
1. Metabolism (Basal Metabolic Rate) 2. TEF (Thermic Effect of Food) 3. Activity (exercise & incidental) |
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What is energy stored in cells as? |
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) |
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What are the three stages of metabolism? |
Stage 1. Digestion & hydrolysis Stage 2. Degradation and some oxidation to smaller molecules Stage 3. Oxidation to CO2, H2O, & energy for ATP synthesis |
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What can carbohydrates also be called? |
Saccharides (sugars) |
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What are the three types of carbohydrates? |
1. Monosaccharides (the simplest carbohydrate) 2. Disaccharides (contains two monosaccharides) 3. Polysaccharides (contains many monosaccharides) |
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What is the definition of polysaccharides? |
P’s are long chains of carbohydrate monomers |
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What does dehydration synthesis do? |
It binds two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharides |
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What does hydrolysis mean? |
It separates disaccharides into monosaccharides |
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What foods is D-glucose found in? |
Fruits, corn syrup, & honey |
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What is D-glucose known as when it in the body? |
Blood sugar |
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True or false, glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, skeletal muscle, & red blood cells |
True |
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True or false, glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, skeletal muscle, & red blood cells |
True |
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True or false, deficiency in glucose has no ill-effects on the body. |
False, deficiency in glucose can impair the brain & nervous system. |
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True or false, glucose is the primary energy source for the brain, skeletal muscle, & red blood cells |
True |
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True or false, deficiency in glucose has no ill-effects on the body. |
False, deficiency in glucose can impair the brain & nervous system. |
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How many ATP molecules does one glucose molecule contain (theoretically)? |
36 |
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What is the first step in the metabolisation of glucose? |
Glycolysis - which takes place in the cystol of a cell, literally means breaking down of glucose, requires energy to start, & generates more energy than it uses |
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True or false, glycolysis converts glucose into. |
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, & 2 NADH (later converted into ATP) |
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What are the two pathways pyruvate can follow after glycolysis? |
1. Oxygen available AC (pyruvate is decarboxylated to produce acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle) 2. Oxygen unavailable AnC (pyruvate is reduced to lactate which replenishes NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue (less energy)) |
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Multiple choice
During glycolysis (also known as the energy investment phase) how many ATP are spent? |
A. None B. 2 C. 4 D. 32 |
