Biochemistry

Front 1

what are 3 main members of inorgainic compounds are?

Back 1

Water.
salt,bases and acids.

Front 2

4 functions of Water.

Back 2

water 60-80% of cells.
1)Heat capacity
2)Heat of vapolarization
3)polarity/solvency
(ability to dissolve reactants)
4)Reactivity (hydrolysis,dehydration)

Front 3

glycogen+H20 ---->gulcose + glucose + gulcose +.....

which reaction ?

Back 3

water added to break down M.

So, this reaction is HYdrolysis.

Front 4

What is polarity/solvency?

Back 4

ability to dissolve reactants
salts and large macromolecules normally in solution.
ideal medium for cellular transport.

Front 5

glucose+glucose ---->H2o + glycogen

which reaction?

Back 5

dehydration- water removed to synthesize

Front 6

Salts- (na+ cl-)other than (H+/OH-)salt___________in the present water called__________B they are charged atoms.

Back 6

dissociate
electrocytes

Front 7

important salts in body.
*ca++ k+ na+ cl- :
*ca++ Phospates :
*Fe, Mg Zu Cu? 철마 아이구....

Back 7

*membrane potential on cell
*ca,PO4 for bone
*blood ,enzymes.

Front 8

Acids and bases
what is acid?
what is base?

Back 8

H donor -----> acids.
H reciever --> bases.

Front 9

2 examples of ACIDS
and tell me strong Acid and
weak acid.

Back 9

HCL ,Hc2H3O2

strong -Hcl
weak- carbonic acids.

Front 10

Bases -?
2 main members are?

Back 10

base- compounds that recieve H+or produce OH-acceptors.

Hydroxides. ammonia....
MgOH,NaOH, NH4

Front 11

what is PH?

Back 11

a measure of concentraitons in solution.

Front 12

neutralization?

Back 12

acid and base combine

Front 13

what's buffer?
1.pH of blood serum = ?

Back 13

buffer 의작용으로,
생체의 원형질이나 혈장 등은 이러한 성질을 갖춘 일종의 완충용액으로 항상 일정한 pH를 유지하려는 경향을 나타낸다.
*buffer is dampen the fluctation of PH in the body.
*7,35 -7.45

Front 14

Bicarbonate Buffer system.

acid toward left side,
base moves to other side.

Back 14

acid condition- left
base condition- right

Front 15

Organic compounds.
*4 Characteristic of Organic C?
*and 3 exceptions.?

Back 15

1)4covalent bonds(not ions),
electroneutral,bonding with H,O,N,carbon form s,d,and triple.
2)CO (carbon monodioxide)
Co2 (carbon dioxide)
O (graphite and diamond)

Front 16

Carbohydrates.
1)Monosaccharide
*5 carbon sugars &6 carbon sugars (example and explain each)

Back 16

5 Carbon 1]ribose-in RNA
2]Deoxyribose-DNA
6 carbon 1]glucose-main monosac in BLOOD
2]galactose
3]frutose
2,3 are glucose isomers.
:분자식은 같지만 화학구조가 다른 화합물)

Front 17

Diassacharide
*Results from ______synthesis of 2 monosacs.
*glu+gala=
*glu+glu=
*glu+fruct=

Back 17

Dehydration S of 2 monosacs.
fructose와 혼합되면,sucrose(tablesugar)glu+glu+maltose
glu+gala=Lactose (milk S)

Front 18

Polysaccharide.
2 main members of PolySacs.
and function.

Back 18

Starch-Long chain of glucose
in Plants ^^
Glycogen- in Animals.
stored in LIver and muscle cells.

Front 19

3 Funtions of carbohydrates.

Back 19

quick energy.--->Primary fuel for ATP
energy storage ->glycogen for storage purpose
strcutral-> glycolipids for cell identity.

Front 20

Lipids.
1)Neutral fats-
composed of _____,3 ______chains.
2)Phospholipids ->____,___chains,phosphate.
3)Steroids->________like sturcture.

Back 20

1)glycerol,3 fatty acid chains.
2)glycerol,2 fatty acid chains,
3)ringlike structure for ST.

Front 21

1)3 main functions of Lipid.
2) Neutral fats
*_______fatty acid side chains make them__________ in water.

Back 21

1)insulation,protection,long term energy storage.
2)NON-polar fatty, insoluble in water.

Front 22

Phospholipids.
1)________,___fatty chains,______.
2)"tail"->________ fatty acids.
"head"->_____ phosphate group.
3)__________________ of the _____________of cell.

Back 22

1)glycerol,2fatty acid chains,phoshate.
2)tail is non-polar,hydrophobic,head is polar posphate group and hydrophilic.
3)The major component of plasma membrane of cell.

Front 23

Steroids.
Cholsterol->______of all other steriods.
cholsterol의 2가지 하는일.

Back 23

1)precursor of all other steroids.
2)easily dissolved in neutral fats,Essential to maintain membrane rigidity.
피막(막)조직의 형태를 유지하는데있어 필요한 존재이기도 하고,중성지방에서 쉽게녹는다.모가?스테로이드중 콜레스테롤이...

Front 24

Other steriods derived from cholestrol.
Vita-D,Sex hormones,cortisol,aldosterone.

Back 24

Vita-D,sunlight,bone growth.
Sex Hormones-testosterone,progesterone,estrogen.
cortisol->stress signal
ald0sterone->salt/water balance

Front 25

Proteins.
20 different amino acids.
end with (___),acid group(____),R-group unique for each amino acid.

Back 25

end with NH2, acid group COOH,

Front 26

____________synthesis joins amino acids-->________bond.

Back 26

Dehydration synthesis joins
amino acids---->peptide bond.

Front 27

4 Levels of protein structure.
1)primary 2)secendary 3)tertiary 4)quaternary

Back 27

1)actual linear combination of amino acids.
2)Alpha-helix:coiling of polypeptide,beta- plated sheet:chains side by side.
3)tertiary- 3D shape,important to correct function.
4)quarter-Two or more polypeptides together.
Hemoglobin-2alpha 2beta polyp.

Front 28

Functions of Proteins.
1)fibrous proteins.
*strutural (collagen,keratin,elastin)
*movement
actin&myosin, microtubules

Back 28

collagen-bone,tendon,ligament
keratin-skin,nail,hair
elastin-trachea and joints
actin*myo - muscle cells
microtubules- cilia flagella

Front 29

2)globular proteins.
6 main functions of Globular P.

Back 29

enzyme,transport,pH buffer,hormonal functions,
neurotransmitter,immunity

Front 30

*Enzyme
__________ of chemical Reactions.
_______- converts H2O2 to H2O
_______-Break down starch to glucose

Back 30

peroxidase-converts H2O2 to H2O.
Amylase- Breaks down starch to glucose.

Front 31

Trasport
Hemoglobin-binds carries____
K+channel- Allows K+ into a cell

Back 31

Hemoglobin carries binds

OXYGEN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Front 32

PH butter.
________-acid&base buffer in blood.

Back 32

Albumin.

Front 33

Hormonal function.
________-regulates blood glucose level.
Growth hormone-regulates human growth.

Back 33

insulin.
일슐린은 호르몬의 종류로서,
혈액안에있는 혈당량을 조절시킨다,

Front 34

Neurotransmitter.
_________-regulate pain in spinal cord.

Back 34

Enkaphalins
하나의 신경안정제로서,척추의 신경을 막아주어 아픔을 느끼지 못하게하는것.(?)

Front 35

Immunity.
_________-attach to foreign molecules.
_______proteins-enhance response.

Back 35

antibodies,complement proteins.

Front 36

Enzymes and Enzyme Function.

Back 36

1.enzyme
2.cofactor or coenzyme.
3.induced fit model
4.sometimes enzymes must be activated to work.

Front 37

enzyme **

Back 37

A protein that CATAlyzes a reaction.
increase the rate of a natural reaction.

Front 38

Cofactor and coenzyme **

Back 38

Essential for function.
metal like Fe,Zn,Cu,마그네슘만 뺀상황.
many derived from Vitamins B

Front 39

induced fit model.**

Back 39

substate fits into enzyme.
active site- area where substrate fits.
enzyme LOWERS activation energy threshold.