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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actvation Energy |
The energy needed to initate a chemical reaction |
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Trasition State |
An intermediate state in a chemical reaction that has a higher free energy than both the reactants the products. (Bonds are broken and bonds are formed) |
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Endergonic Reaction |
A chemical reaction that requires energy (Net energy Absorbed) |
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Enzyme-Substrate Complex |
The combined structure of an enzyme with a substrate that is bound to the enzyme's active site |
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Lipids |
A macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a high proportion of non-polar, carbon-hydrogen bonds. |
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Hydrolysis Reaction |
A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound; this is achieved by breaking a covalent bond in the compound by inserting a water molecule across the bond. The opposite of this is a dehydration-condensation reaction |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
A process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules; also called facilitated transport |
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Active Site |
The part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate during catalysis. |
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Metabolism |
The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In Metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized. |
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Exergonic Reaction |
Refers to a chemical reaction that releases energy (Net Energy Released) |
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induced-Fit Model |
A change in shape of the active site of an enzyme to accommodate the substrate (the reactant that interacts with the enzyme in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction) |
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Carbohydrates |
A biological macromolecule that contains carbo, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:! ratio |
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Fulid-Mosaic Model |
A model of the cell membrane based on the changing location and patternof protein molecules in a fluid phospholipid layer |
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Endotosis |
The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. |
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Substrate |
A reactant that interacts with the enzyme in an enyzme-catalyzed reaction |
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Anabolic Reaction |
A metabolic process that uses energy to synthesize a large molecule from smaller molecules. |
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Oxidation |
A process involving the loss of electrons; occurs during the breakdown of smallerorganic molecules. |
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Proteins |
A macromolecule composed of amino acid monomers linked by covalent bonds |
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Nucleic Acids |
A macromolecule composed of nucleotide monomers |
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Diffusion |
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
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Exocytosis |
A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. |
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Product |
Enzymes act as biological catalysts to convert substrate to product. For example, the products of the enzyme lactase are galactose and glucose, which are produced from the substrate lactose.
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Catabolic Reaction |
Biochemical reactions that break down molecules in metabolism. Molecules may be broken down to gain their energy or to prepare them for disposal from the body. |
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Reduction |
The chemical process involving the gain of electrons. |
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Enzymes |
A biological macromolecule that catalyzes, or speeds up, chemical reactions in biological systems |
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Condensation Reaction |
A chemical reaction that results in the formation of covalent bond between two molecules with the production of a water molecule |
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Osmosis |
The diffuison of water molecules across a membrane, from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of lower concentration of water molecules |
