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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA -> RNA -> Protein
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Replication -> Transcription -> Translation
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Codon is?
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sequence of 3 nucleic acids that specifies an amino acid
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Nucleic acid backbone:
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Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) + Phosphate
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How to differentiate between DNA and RNA?
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At C2:
if -H -> DNA if -OH -> RNA |
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DNA is linear or branched?
Stands for? |
Linear
Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
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Nucleotide:
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Entire Monomer (Base + Sugar + Phosphate)
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Nucleoside:
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Base + Sugar
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Is a nucleotide or nucleoside ionic? Why?
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Nucleotide.
Anionic phosphate charge makes it have a net - charge |
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Purines:
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Adenine
Guanine |
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Pyrimidines:
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Cytosine
Uracil Thymine |
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Beta glycosidic linkage:
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Connects sugar to base at C1
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3-dGMP indicates:
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deoxyguanine monophosphate (phosphate at C3 position)
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Beta means:
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Covalent bond is located above the plane of the carbohydrate
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Bases are polar or nonpolar?
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Nonpolar
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Difference between Purines and Pyrimidines?
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double ringed vs single ringed
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Beta glycosidic linkage occurs at which location on bases?
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N9 of purines and N1 of pyrimidines
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All nucleic acid primary linking is formed by what kind of bonding?
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Covalent bonds
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Linkage between nucleic acid monomers are called:
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Phosphoric acid ester linkages
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Phosphoric acid ester linkages are attached to which carbons on the sugar?
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C5 and C3
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Backbone is polar or nonpolar?
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Polar because of - phosphate charge
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In DNA, which carbon cannot be involved in linkage?
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C2 because it is completely inactive (-H)
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In what direction do you read nucleic acids?
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C5 to C3
Phosphate to Hydroxyl |
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When stored in cells, DNA is single or double stranded?
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Double
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Bases can be involved in what kind of bonding with each other?
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Hydrogen bonding
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Base bonding is usually:
How many hydrogen bonds between them? |
A-T : 2
C-G : 3 |
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Base pairs are where in relation to the double stranded helix?
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Aggregated in center of helix b/c hydrophobic and nonpolar
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Which parts of DNA react with water?
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Phosphate groups and sugars
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DNA is compatible with what base sequence?
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Any
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What determines the sequence of a complementary strand?
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Sequence of template strand
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DNA strands are parallel or antiparallel?
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Antiparallel
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Maximum level of structure for DNA:
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Secondary
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Most common form of structure for DNA:
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B-form
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Most common form of structure for RNA:
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A-form
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Handedness for A, B, and Z forms:
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Right handed
Right handed Left handed |
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Distinguishing characteristics of B form
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Major and minor grooves
Repeats vertically at intervals of 34 A or 10 nucleotides |
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Distinguishing characteristics of A form
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Most compact
Largest diameter No major or minor grooves 23 A sequence intervals |
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Distinguishing characteristics of Z form
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Narrowest
Left handed 38 A sequence intervals |
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Sugar in RNA:
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Ribose
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Difference between RNA and DNA in base pairs:
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Uracil instead of thymine
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RNA is usually single stranded or double stranded?
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Single stranded
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Which is commonly larger: DNA or RNA?
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RNA (similar to protein size)
[DNA is 1000x size of proteins!] |
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Which is more reactive: DNA or RNA?
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RNA b/c of hydroxyl group
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mRNA:
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Intermediate between DNA and proteins
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tRNA:
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Translates mRNA into amino acid sequence
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How many types of tRNA?
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20 for each amino acid
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rRNA:
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major component of ribosomes, has catalytic + structural roles in protein synthesis
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Which cleaves more easily: DNA or RNA?
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RNA
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Why is RNA in A form?
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Needs to be broader because OH group provides steric hinderance when double stranded
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Maximum structure level for RNA:
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Tertiary (hairpins and loops) although single stranded by using extra hydrogen bonds
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