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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many amino acids make up a protein?
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-20 common amino acids
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What are the three main constituents of amino acids?
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-carboxylate group
-amino group -side chain (R) |
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What are the base units of pholysaccharides?
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Saccharide monomers
Carbohydrates (also known as saccharides) |
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What are nucleotide moners composed of?
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-a five-carbon sugar
-a heterocyclic nitrogenous base -phosphate groups |
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What are polynucleotides?
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-nucleic acid biopolymers that are composed of nucleotide monomers
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What makes up lipids (compared to CHO's)?
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-carbon and hydrogen, but less oxygen
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What are the simplest lipids known as? What do they look like?
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-Fatty acids
-long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylate group at one end. Often components of glycerophospholipids |
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What is the definition of a gunctional group?
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-the specific parts of molecules involved in biochemical reactions
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What are the components of a prokaryotic cell?
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-cell membrane
-cytoplasm -ribosomes -nucleoid *No enclosed nucleus! -motile unit (flagella/Pili) |
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What are the components of a eukaryotic cell?
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-nucleus
-ER -Golgi apparatus -mitochondria/chloroplasts -other vesicles |
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What part of the eukaryote cell is continuous with the nuclear envelope?
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-ER
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
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-network of membrane sheets and tubules extending from the nucleus
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What is the Golgi apparatus?
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-responsible for modification and sorting of some biomolecules
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What are mitochondria?
Chloroplasts? |
-the main sites of energy transduction in aerobic cells
-sites of photosynthesis in plants, green algae |
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What do chloroplasts consist of?
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-granum
-outer and inner membrane -stroma -thylakoid membrane |
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What are lysosomes?
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-contain specialized digestive enzymes
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What are peroxisomes?
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-carry out oxidative reactions in animal and plant cells
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What are vacuoles?
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-fluid-filled vesicles, used as storage sites for water, ions, and nutrients such as glucose
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What are the "strings" that make up the cytoskeleton?
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-actin filaments which form ropelike threads
-microtubules which are rigid fibers and packed into bundles |
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What are microtubules used for?
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-an internal skeleton
-form the mitotic spindle during mitosis -form movement structures such as flagella and cilia |
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What is the broad procedure of cellular fractionation?
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-homogenize cell to release contents
-separate (or fraction) using different methods such as centrifugation -depending on speed (g force), items separate uniquely |
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What is the equation for G-force?
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F =(1.119 E^-5)(rpm)^2 * r
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