Bio Unit 2

Front 1

2. Where does photosynthesis take place in a cell?

Back 1

Chlorplast

Front 2

3.Know the equation for photosynthesis. What are the reactants vs. the products?

Back 2

6 H2O + 6 CO2------》C6 H12 06+6 02

(REACTANTS) (Products)

Produces oxygen gas and glucose

Front 3

1. List three examples of organisms that perform photosynthesis

Back 3

Plants

Algae

Cyanobacteria

Front 4

4. Photosynthesis consists of what two reactions?

Back 4

Reduction (adding a H Molecule)/ and oxidation (removing an H muslce.)

Front 5

Where does each reaction occur inside the chloroplast?

Back 5

Oxidation( removing H) calvin cycle/strome

Reduction(adding a H) light/thylakoid

Front 6

5. List all three of the pigments that can be used during photosynthesis.

Back 6

Chlorophyll a & b

Carotenoids

Front 7

6. What is the Electron Transport Chain in photosynthesis used for?

Back 7

Series of carriers pass Eletrons along releasing energy energy store in form of hydrogen ion granite will be used to make ATP

Front 8

8. During the Calvin Cycle, what two molecules are used to produce glucose?

Back 8

ATP

NADPH

Front 9

7. What type of concentration gradient is used during photosynthesis and what does it produce?

Back 9

H+ which produce ATP

Front 10

9. What molecule can plants and algae use to make other molecules they need, such as amino acids and glycerol?

Back 10

G3P

Front 11

10. Know the difference between each of the three types of photosynthesis: (C3, C4, and CAM)

Back 11

Light/Rainfall Moderate: C3 -Hot and Dry: C4 -Desert Environment: CAM

Front 12

11.What are the reactants vs. the products in cellular respiration?

Back 12

Reactants: C6 + H12 + 6 O2

Products:6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Front 13

12. What is the difference between reduction and oxidation in reference to hydrogen?

Back 13

Adds H+ ion-Reduction: Takes away H+ ion-Oxidation:

Front 14

13. In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?

Back 14

Miochondria

Front 15

14. What are coenzymes used for? Give two examples of a coenzyme.

Back 15

Use as transfer taxis

FAD+》》》FADH

NAD+》》》NAFH

Front 16

15.Know the name for each step of cellular respiration and where each step specifically occurs.-

Back 16

Glycolysis-Step 1:Location: Cytoplasm

Prep Phase-Step 2:Location: matrix

Step 3:Krebs cycle-Location: matrix

Step 4:ETC Location: cristae[inner membrane

Front 17

16. What is the total amount of ATP made per molecule of glucose during glycolysis? What is the net amount?

Back 17

4-Total: 2-Net:

Front 18

17. What process breaks down glucose anaerobically (without the use of oxygen - O2)?

Back 18

Glycolysis/fermentation

Front 19

18. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain and what does it form?

Back 19

-Final Electron Acceptor:O2(oxygen gas) 32 ATP FORMS FROM EVER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE

Forms:NAPH+ + FADH2

Front 20

19. How many total ATP can be made from a single glucose molecule?

Back 20

32

Front 21

20. How many ATP molecules do humans produce?

Back 21

36-38

Front 22

21. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Back 22

Asexual-Does not require spem or egg

Sexual-Does require spem or egg

Front 23

22. What does a chromosome consist of?

Back 23

DNA & PROTEINS

Front 24

23. What are sister chromatids?

Back 24

Duplicate chromosomes joined at the centromere

Front 25

24. What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Back 25

-Stage1:Interphase(90% of cell life)

-Stage 2:M- Phase or Motiotic stage -Stage 3: cytokinesis

Front 26

25. Which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the majority of its time?

Back 26

Interphase 90%

Front 27

25. Which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the majority of its time?

Back 27

DNA synthesis

Front 28

27. If mitosis is a 2n→2n process, then how many chromosomes would each of the daughter cells have if the parent cell had 20 chromosomes?

Back 28

2n(20)+2n(20)=40

Front 29

28.Know the characteristics of daughter nuclei.

Back 29

Identical to eachother

Identical to parent nucleus

Able to produce more daughter cells

Front 30

29.What are the phases (in order) for mitosis? What happens during each phase?

Back 30

1:prophase Description:DNA condenses, nucleus disappears

Phase 2:metaphaeDescription: sister chromatids, are aligned-Phase

3:anaphaseDescription: spindle fider come out grab chromatids-Phase

4:teleophaseDescription spindle disappear and the nuclear envelope forms

Front 31

30. What is cytokinesis?

Back 31

The divison of the cytoplasm and all organelles within a cell

Front 32

31. What is the difference between animal cells and plant cells during cytokinesis?

:

Back 32

Animal:Cleavage Furrow-forms at anaphase contractile ring a band of actin filaments forms a constriction Plant: cell plate

Front 33

32. What are the three different checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Back 33

Checkpoint 1: G1-Cell committed to divide after this point if passed

Checkpoint 2: G2- verify DNA replication , repair of damaged

Checkpoint 3:Mitotic- between metaphase and anaphase/ All chromosomes must be attached to spindle to pass

Front 34

33. How does contact inhibition work?

Back 34

Cells stop dividing when they touch, physical contact inhibits them from dividing

Front 35

34. What is apoptosis? What is it good for?

Back 35

Programmed cell death

Remaining cell fragments engulfed by white blood cells

Helps keep number of cells at appropriate levels

Does away with bad xells

Front 36

35. What are some characteristic associated with cancer cells?

Back 36

Lack differentation

Does not contribute to the body functioning

Adnormal nucleus

Front 37

36. What % of cancer deaths are attributed to smoking?

Back 37

30%