Bio Unit 1/quiz 5

Front 1

characters that provide evidence for evolutionary relationship are

Back 1

homologous

Front 2

in comparing fish and humans ___________ is an ancestral character state

Back 2

use of DNA as genetic information

Front 3

Which of the following pairs of traits are homologous?

Back 3

the bones of bird and bat wings

Front 4

which of the following would be the best molecular clock?

Back 4

non-coding region

Front 5

traditional systematics construct phylogenetic trees___________.

Back 5

that reflect evolutionary relationships, but emphasizes morphological features in assigning classification

Front 6

A monophyletic taxon:

Back 6

includes one clade, an ancestor, and all of its descendants

Front 7

birds and mammals are considered polyphyletic when considering that

Back 7

birds and mammals do not share the same common reptilian ancestor

Front 8

when a single species gives rise to several different species this is ___________.

Back 8

cladogenesis

Front 9

the wings of birds and the wings of bats represent

Back 9

structures that are homoplastic but with homologous components

Front 10

in the cladistic method of classification

Back 10

All choices are correct

Front 11

on a cladogram, branches represent

Back 11

groups of organisms that share a common ancestor

Front 12

the systematics of today is very different than the systematics learned a generation ago. As a result, which of the following statements do we know to be entirely inaccurate?

Back 12

the number of existing species is known with certainty

Front 13

fossils of plants found in deeper geologic layers do not show vascular tissues, while fossils in shallower geologic layers include some specimens with and some without vascular tissues. Thus, vascular tissue in plants is considered a ___________ character.

Back 13

derived

Front 14

the closest living relatives of birds are

Back 14

crocodiles

Front 15

the most parsimonious inference about the evolution of parental care behavior in crocodilians and birds is

Back 15

it evolved once in the common ancestor of the 2 groups

Front 16

homologous characters in different species

Back 16

are similarities that result from shared ancestry

Front 17

apomorphy is

Back 17

a derived character

Front 18

___________ are used to index the time at which 2 species diverged.

Back 18

molecular clocks

Front 19

SINEs in molecular phylogenetics are

Back 19

short interspersed elements

Front 20

the root of a phylogenetic tree is the _______

Back 20

common ancestor of all the organisms included in the tree

Front 21

by definition, a monophyletic lineage is a

Back 21

clade

Front 22

morphological characteristics are widely used for taxonomic classifications because

Back 22

they are easy to assess in living, preserved, or fossilized specimens

Front 23

what has molecular phylogenetics determined about the origins of HIV?

Back 23

genetic analyses links HIV to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) which infects monkeys and chimps

Front 24

when molecular characters were first used in systematics, they were criticized because:

Back 24

all of the choices are correct

Front 25

gene sequences that evolve at a constant rate can be used to

Back 25

index the time of divergence between two species