Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
plasma
|
liquid portion of blood
|
|
Red blood cell
|
erythrocyte
transfer of O2 |
|
white blood cell
|
lymphocyte
immunity |
|
platelets
|
clotting
|
|
where are blood cells form
|
bone marrow (red and white and plasma)
|
|
weight of blood cells
|
plasma>lecocyte,platelets>erythrocyte
|
|
Arteries
|
심장으로부터 온몸의각기관으로 oxygenate blood 운반 (except pulmonary artery, which carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lung)
no valve under high pressure Aorta is the largest artery made of epithelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue |
|
Vein
|
move deoxygenate blood to the heart(except pulmonary vein which carry oxygenate blood from lung to heart)
under low pressure has valve made of epitheleum, smooth muscle, connective tissue vena cava are largest vein |
|
capillaries
|
smallest blood vessle
site for gas exchange |
|
open vs closed system
|
open cs has no capillaries
closed cs has capillaries open보다 쉽고 빠르게 O2, CO2가 운반됀다 |
|
systemic circuit (온몸을 돈다)
|
left ventrical(high O2, low CO2)-aorta(asending/desending)-capillaries of upper and lower body -superior/inferior vena cava(low O2 and high CO2)-right atrium(low O2, high CO2)
|
|
pulmonary circuit (lung을돈다)
|
right ventricle(low O2 and high CO2)-pulmonary artery (low O2 and high CO2)-capillaries of lung (O2/CO2 exchange)-pulmonary vein(high O2 low CO2)-left atrium(high O2 low CO2)
|
|
atrium
|
right and left
-left receive from lung -right receive from body above ventricle vena cava to right pulmonary vein to left foramen ovale connects btw right and left receive blood has valve btw atrium and ventricle -atroventricular valve --tricuspid valve(right) --biscuspid valve (left) |
|
ventricle
|
push out
has aorta to left pulmonary arteries to right -to lung aorta to left -to body semilunar velve in aorta and pulmonary arteries |
|
diastole
|
when blood travel from atrium to ventricle
heart relaxes |
|
systole
|
when blood travel from ventricle to aorta and P.Arteries
ventricle contract |
|
ductus aerteriosus
|
feature of fetal circulation.
shunt blood away from developing lung connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta |
|
clotting mechanism
|
platelets from bone marrow in contact with exposed collagen
secretes THROMBOPLASTIN THROMBOPLASTIN converts PROTHROMBIN(from liver) to THROMBIN THROMBIN converts FIBROGEN to FIBRIN whichtrap blood cell leading to clot formation |
|
SA node (sinoatrial)
|
P -atrium contracts
P-Q is pace maker R-S is ventricle contract T is time that the muscle are recovered from the contraction. |
|
protozoans/coelenterates
|
movement of gases and nutrient is accomplished by simple diffusion whtin the cell
|
|
Annelids
|
earthwarm, cloased CS
|
|
Arthropods
|
open CS in which blood is direct contact with body tissue. Blood is circulated primarity by body movement
blood flow through dorsal vessel and into spaces called sinuses where exchange occur. |
|
Antigen
|
agglutinogens
A type has A antigen on the surface of RBC and make anti B (antibody) O type do not have any antigen thus make anti A and Anti B type AB ahhs both antgen and make no antibody |
|
antiboddy
|
agglutinins
protein produced by the body that binds to the antigens (attack antigen) either attack antigen or enhance phagocytosis of antigen |
|
antibody enhance phagocytosis by??
|
neutralization
agygulutination precipitation cell lysis |
|
lymphatic system
|
link btw circulatory sys and immune sys
absorb excess fluid (lymph vessle) and cycle back to circulatory sys produce lymphocytes and transport white blood cell |
|
Primary defense
|
skin, sweat, saliva, tear
|
|
secondary defense
|
non-specific and specific
|
|
non-specific chemical defense
|
inflamatory response
complementary protein interferon |
|
inflamatory response
|
from damaged master cell/basophil(WBC) histamin is secreted
-histamine dilates capillaries (make it wbc to infiltrate easily) leucocyte(WBC)secrete PROSTAGLADIN(상처부위로 더많은 혈액이 흐르도록한다 그래서 상처부위가더 붉게 부르고 열이난다) to damaged cell complementary protein and phagocytosis gather at dammaged cell -neutrophil (WBC) coems first then macrophage macrophage secretes cytokine which gather phgocytosis -cytokine also work as pyrogen(열을낸다,microgoranism성장억제) |
|
complement protein
|
histamin 방출자극
phagocyte 을 유인함 antibody 가 antigen 을 인식하게 도와준다 -antibody에 complementary protein이 붇는다 |
|
interferon
|
공격받은세포가 interferon 을 만들고 죽는다
건강한 세포를 자극, viral production을 방해하는 다른 protein을 생산. -바이러스 외피단백질차단 |
|
nonspecific cellular defense
|
phagocyte
-neutrophile -macrophhage -monocyte 가 상처부위로 오면 커다란 macrophage로 성장 natural killer cell |
|
autoimmune diease
|
자기와 비자기를 구분못하면 걸린다
|
|
specific defense
|
immunity
-antigen마다 특이적인 Tcell or antibody 가 작용한다 -antigen은 수많은 종류가있고, 다양한 epitope를 가지고있다. humoral immunity -release antibody -B lymphocyte cell mediated immunity -T cell attack -T lymphocyte |
|
Humoral immunity
|
B Lymphocyte 가관여
antibody가 외부침입자의 epitope와 반응하는 작용 |
|
cell mediated immunity
|
bacteria 나 virus에 감연됀 사람의세포 또는 돌연변이됀 세포(cancer)를 공격
T lymphocyte |
|
primary lymphoid organ
|
bone marrow and thymus
|
|
secondary lymphoid organ
|
lymph node and spleen
|
|
B lymphocyte
|
continue maturation in bone marrow
when mature migrate to lymphoid tissue (lymph node, spleen, blood and lymph) 특정한 하나의 antigen을 인힉하여 결합할수있는 특이한 antibody를 같고있다 |
|
T lymphocyte
|
move to thymus from bone marrow and complete their maturation in thymus
when mature migrate to lymphoid tissue (lymph node, spleen, blood and lymph) |
|
Primary immune system
|
lymphocyte가 첨으로 antigen에 노출돼어 effector cell들의 clone을 형성
take time does not start right away |
|
secondary immune system
|
vaccination
똑같은 antigen이 2번재 노출돼었경우에 빠르게 더강하게 반응한다 |
|
memory cell vs effector cell
|
memory cell
-오래산다 -lymph node에 남아서 2차로 노출돼면 memory cell과 세로운 effector cell을 만든다 effector cell -오직몇칠동안만 살아남는다 |
|
IgG
|
antibody from b cell
single in blood |
|
IgA
|
antibody from b cell
double 침, 눈물, 모유 |
|
IgD
|
antibody from b cell
Bcell 표면 |
|
IgM
|
antibody from b cell
blood plasma |
|
IgE
|
antibody from b cell
master celland basophil 부터 histamin 분비를 촉진시킴 |
|
cell mediated response
|
involve Tcell
|
|
Tcell
|
cytotoxin Tcell
suppressor Tcell helper Tcell |
|
helper Tcell
|
activates Bcell
secret leymphokine which bring other t cells |
|
cytotoxin Tcell
|
다른세포를 죽인다 (by lysis)
|
|
suppressor Tcell
|
Tcell and Bcell 억제when 간염됀게 없어지면
|
|
white blood cell
|
lymphocyte -make antibody
-B cell -T cell basophile -inflammatory response esoinphile -phacocyte neutrophils -phycocyte monocyte -macrophage로 정장 |
|
ductus venosus
|
connects fetal portal circulation to the placenta
|
|
what is portal system?
|
unusual circulatory arrangements in the body in which there are two interconnected capillary beds.
blood travels from artery to capillary bed to vein to second capillary bed ex. hepatic portal system and hypothalamic portal system |
|
non-portal circulation
|
blood travels from arteries to a capillary bed and back to a vein
|
|
heptic poral system
|
blood leaving capillary bed of the small inestine, which has packed up digested food, passes thru the heptic portal vein to to a capillary beds in the liver before returning to a venous system
|
|
hypotalaic portal system
|
the two capillary beds are contained in the hypotalamusand the anterior pituary. this portal system brngs releasing factors from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituary
|
|
aglutinins
|
they are the antibodies that recognize the different blood type.
antibodis cause agglutinationor clumping of blood |
|
Agglutinogens
|
are antigens that determin blood type
found on surface of red blood cell |
|
bone marrow
|
organ invovled in immune system
produce immune cell such as lymphocyte, monocyte, leukocyte, B cell, and T cell |
|
thymus
|
organ invovled in immune system
secrete thymosin, hormone that stimulate pre T cells to mature |
|
spleen
|
organ invovled in immune system
storage aea for blood and also filter blood and lymph |
|
eye "tear"
|
nonspecific immune sys
tear contais an antibacterial enzyme called lysozyme that can digest peptidoglycan call wall in bacteria |
|
skin
|
organ invovled in immune system
hard to penetrate |
|
respiratory track
|
organ invovled in immune system
mucus n nose and muth trap microorganism cillia lining in the respiratory track move the trapped organism out of the system |
|
digestive track
|
organ invovled in immune system
acidity of the stomach kill many organism that enter thru mouth man |
|
complement system
|
organ invovled in immune system
protein secreted in blood defend againt infection generalized manner |
|
complement protein
|
non specific
in complement sys. complement protein binds to the surface of many pathgens, attracting white blood cell to destroy infection |
|
neutrophils and macrophage
|
non specific
nuetrophile show up first duirng complement sys white b cell ingest infectious agent via phagoctosis |
|
interferon
|
non specfic
released from the cell that is attacked by the pathogen stimulate production of proteins that interfere with viral replication |
|
inflammatory response
|
non specific
injured cell release histamine which cause blood vessel to dilate resulting in inc blood flow to the site of damage accompany by fever |
|
specific immune response
|
b cell and T cell (both are white blood cell)
recognize and eliminate foregin particl |
|
production of antibodies
|
B cell
humoral response |
|
cellular response
|
t cell
|
|
lymphokine
|
ex. interlekin
signaling molecule secreted by helper T cell which coordinate the immune response of other cells against specific antigens |
|
t cell mature in
|
thymus
|
|
b cell mature in
|
bone marrow
|
|
for antigen to stimulate T cell receptor it must be presented to the t cell as part of a complex protein called??
|
MHC (major histocompatibilt complex)
|
|
MHC class 1
|
proteins are present on the surface of all cells
|
|
MHC class 2
|
poteins are only present on the surface of immune cells including macrophage, B cells and T cells
|
|
activation of B and T cell
|
1. macrophage phagocytize pathogen.
2. these are displaye on the surface of the macrophage via MHC II protein 3. Helper T cell recognize MHC antigen complex 4. helper t cell binds with MHC complex and secrete interleukins 5. interleukins activae cytotoxin t cells to kill infected cells and stimulte B cells to secreite antibody |
|
plasma cell
|
speciallzied b cells that produceand secrete antibodies
|
|
epitope
|
is specirfic part of the antigen recognized by the imune system
|
|
antigen binding site of antibody
|
variable reigon of heavy chian
|
|
variable region contans large number of ()
|
a.a sequence
|
|
bonds in antibody
|
disulfide bond btw heavy-heavy constant region
and heavy and light chain |
|
primary immune response
|
upon firs exposure to an antigen
|
|
secondary immun response
|
if body later expose to the same antigen, immune system response more quickly and effectively
|
|
immunological memory
|
regonize antigen tat has been previously exposed
based o memory cells -produce during 1st immune response -survive log periods and quickly proliferate if exposed to the antigen that caused gtheir creation |
|
active immunity
|
-development of antibody due to exposure to an antigen
-vaccination -example of artifically acquired immunity |
|
passive immunity
|
-transfer of pe formed antibody
-during pregnancy, some antibody pass from mother to fetus via placenta -naturlly acquired -last only as log as the antibodies remainin the blood stream |
|
foramen ovale
|
connects the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal hear
purpose is to shunt blood away from the developing lungs |