Bio Chapter 34 & 37

Front 1

Helper T cells

Back 1

A specialized blood cell that activates the immune system.

Front 2

Macrophage

Back 2

Type of white blood cells that destroy “nonself” pathogens.

Front 3

Cytotoxic Cells

Back 3

White blood cells that carry pathogen-specific receptors.

Front 4

B Cell

Back 4

Remove extracellular pathogens from the body and protects from further infection.

Front 5

Antibody

Back 5

Y-shaped proteins that bind to a specific antigen that they match.

Front 6

Melanin

Back 6

A dark-colored pigment that occurs in the hair, skin and eyes.

Front 7

Keratin

Back 7

A fibrous protein that makes up hair in animals.

Front 8

Ligament

Back 8

A short strip of tough connective tissue that connects two bones together at a joint.

Front 9

Sarcomere

Back 9

A structural unit, in muscle, that is made of myofibril.

Front 10

Osteocytes

Back 10

Bone cells that are aligned in crosses to maximize strength.

Front 11

Axial Skeleton

Back 11

consists of the skull and the spine, sternum, ribs

Front 12

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 12

is made up of the appendages of the body,

which are the arms and the shoulders, as well as the hips and legs.

Front 13

Compact Bone

Back 13

is made up of condensed mature bone cells called osteocytes.

Front 14

Bone Marrow

Back 14

has two types; Red bone marrow makes red blood cells; Yellow Bone marrow stores fat for energy.

Front 15

Spongy Bone

Back 15

is much softer than the other layers surrounding it. It provides strength to bones while reducing weight.

Front 16

Osteocytes

Back 16

Bone cells that are aligned in crosses to maximize strength.

Front 17

Cartilage

Back 17

Flexible connective tissue found in numerous locations of the body that is replaced by bone during growth.

Front 18

Tendon

Back 18

Connects muscles to bone.

Front 19

Haversian Canal

Back 19

Tiny tubules that create a network throughout bones.

Front 20

Flexor

Back 20

A muscle whose contraction bends a limb or other part of the body.

Front 21

Extensor

Back 21

A muscle whose contraction straightens another part of the body.

Front 22

Joint

Back 22

The location where two bones meet.

Front 23

Smooth Muscle

Back 23

Found in esophagus and intestines; involuntary and unstriated; long, slow contractions.

Front 24

Cardiac Muscle

Back 24

Found in the heart only; long striated and involuntary muscle; when contracted, blood pumps throughout body.

Front 25

Skeletal Muscle

Back 25

Has one moveable and one fixed end; voluntary; easily fatigued but carries out many movements and functions.

Front 26

Epidermis

Back 26

The outermost layer of the skin that is made of constantly-replaced, dead skin cells that are flattened.

Front 27

Dermis

Back 27

Middle layer of skin under epidermis; contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and provides nutrients to regulate body temperature.

Front 28

Subcutaneous

Back 28

Layer of skin under the dermis that stores energy and anchors skin to the body.

Front 29

Nonspecific Immune Response

Back 29

When the physical barriers are broken, the three ways that the body responds. (fever, inflammation, protein activation)

Front 30

Fever

Back 30

Body temperature is raised to try to kill off pathogens.

Front 31

Inflammation

Back 31

Chemicals and cells that attack and destroy pathogens gather around the area of injury or infection.

Front 32

Protein Activation

Back 32

Proteins attack pathogen bacteria and punch holes in the membrane.

Front 33

Specific Immune Response

Back 33

When a pathogen attacks the body and the body uses specialized methods of detecting and destroying the pathogen.

Front 34

Vaccine

Back 34

The use of dead or weakened pathogens to allow the body to gain immunity.