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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Helper T cells |
A specialized blood cell that activates the immune system. |
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Macrophage |
Type of white blood cells that destroy “nonself” pathogens. |
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Cytotoxic Cells |
White blood cells that carry pathogen-specific receptors. |
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B Cell |
Remove extracellular pathogens from the body and protects from further infection. |
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Antibody |
Y-shaped proteins that bind to a specific antigen that they match. |
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Melanin |
A dark-colored pigment that occurs in the hair, skin and eyes. |
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Keratin |
A fibrous protein that makes up hair in animals. |
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Ligament |
A short strip of tough connective tissue that connects two bones together at a joint. |
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Sarcomere |
A structural unit, in muscle, that is made of myofibril. |
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Osteocytes |
Bone cells that are aligned in crosses to maximize strength. |
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Axial Skeleton |
consists of the skull and the spine, sternum, ribs |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
is made up of the appendages of the body, which are the arms and the shoulders, as well as the hips and legs. |
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Compact Bone |
is made up of condensed mature bone cells called osteocytes. |
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Bone Marrow |
has two types; Red bone marrow makes red blood cells; Yellow Bone marrow stores fat for energy. |
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Spongy Bone |
is much softer than the other layers surrounding it. It provides strength to bones while reducing weight. |
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Osteocytes |
Bone cells that are aligned in crosses to maximize strength. |
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Cartilage |
Flexible connective tissue found in numerous locations of the body that is replaced by bone during growth. |
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Tendon |
Connects muscles to bone. |
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Haversian Canal |
Tiny tubules that create a network throughout bones. |
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Flexor |
A muscle whose contraction bends a limb or other part of the body. |
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Extensor |
A muscle whose contraction straightens another part of the body. |
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Joint |
The location where two bones meet. |
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Smooth Muscle |
Found in esophagus and intestines; involuntary and unstriated; long, slow contractions. |
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Cardiac Muscle |
Found in the heart only; long striated and involuntary muscle; when contracted, blood pumps throughout body. |
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Skeletal Muscle |
Has one moveable and one fixed end; voluntary; easily fatigued but carries out many movements and functions. |
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Epidermis |
The outermost layer of the skin that is made of constantly-replaced, dead skin cells that are flattened. |
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Dermis |
Middle layer of skin under epidermis; contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and provides nutrients to regulate body temperature. |
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Subcutaneous |
Layer of skin under the dermis that stores energy and anchors skin to the body. |
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Nonspecific Immune Response |
When the physical barriers are broken, the three ways that the body responds. (fever, inflammation, protein activation) |
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Fever |
Body temperature is raised to try to kill off pathogens. |
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Inflammation |
Chemicals and cells that attack and destroy pathogens gather around the area of injury or infection. |
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Protein Activation |
Proteins attack pathogen bacteria and punch holes in the membrane. |
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Specific Immune Response |
When a pathogen attacks the body and the body uses specialized methods of detecting and destroying the pathogen. |
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Vaccine |
The use of dead or weakened pathogens to allow the body to gain immunity. |