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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nervous |
transmit action potentials (electrical potentials streaming in nerves) rapid on off specific targets remove stimulus, remove action |
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Endocrine |
messengers (Hormone=chemicals released into blood traveling through blood) slow long duration body wide effect because they travel in bloodfear hormone epinephrine and adrenaline |
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behavior |
what an organism does |
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stimulus |
detectable change in the environment |
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stimulus can be (1) stimulus is (2) the output of stimulus is (1) |
-internal or external -detected by senses -info evaluated by nervous system and endocrine -output= behavior |
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what are the two approaches to behavior? |
mechanistic & evolutionary |
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mechanistic approach to behavior |
proximate causes (nearest) -external stimuli - internal stimuli - action of senses and integrators |
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evolutionary approach to behavior |
ultimate causes -is it adaptive -how does it contribute to fitness |
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gray whales- E pacific are migratory feed and grow- Alaska winter migration- breed and bear young in Mexico Dec-Feb Back to Alaska- lots of foodH2O warmer than in winter Which are proximate and which are ultimate? |
Proximate-day length & H2O temp (hormone changes) ultimate-feed yourself and your kids where food is most readily available, reproduction (food=survival and warmth=survival) |
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Behavior is a product of _________? |
genes & environment |
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define ecology |
study of inter-relationships between organisms and the environment how an organism affects other organisms and it's surroundings and how those surroundings and organisms affect the organism |
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Biotic Factors |
Alive: food, shelter, competition, predation, disease (parasitism) |
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abiotic factors |
non living: Temperature, Light, Oxygen, Carbon, Topography |
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What are the interweaving disciplines applied for solving environmental problems? |
Evolution, Genes, Systematics, Morphology, Physiology, Ethology |
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timeline of the history of ecology |
theophrastes (200 BC) --> haeckel (1866) --> ecological society of america (1915) --> journal Ecology (1920)--> 1960 Silent Spring rachel carson |
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4 levels of ecology organization from the most inclusive to the least inclusive: |
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population |
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Describe a J shaped curve |
no limiting factors, exponential, biotic potential r= (birth-death)/N |
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what is an overshoot undershoot curve |
Displays how resources and consumers oscillate |
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interspecific |
between species |
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intraspecific |
within species |
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5 effects of predation |
Moves energy through a community Drives adaption of prey and predation Maintains prey populations at lower levels Affects competition between prey items Alters structure of prey population |
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Batesian Mimicry |
looks like andistasteful form |
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mullerian |
all unpalatable forms look alike |
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Aggressive |
nests look similar, parasites kill offspring |
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warning coloration |
poisonous snakes |
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N2 cycle |
N2 fixed by bacteria, humans, or lightening into NH3, NH4+, or NO3- to be absorbed by roots in the soil—> when organisms die the decomposers (bacteria) denitrify and return N2 back to the atmosphere. Molecules of the fixed nitrogen can leech (run) into water |
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CO2 cycle |
Carbon fixation via photosynthesis—>autotrophs—> primary consumers via herbivory—> death of organisms and fecal matter lead to decomposers—> fossil fuels and burning of those fuels. All organisms respire which releases CO2 into the atmosphere. |
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Photosynthesis equation |
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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hydrologic cycle |
84% of water evaporates into the sky, while 77% of water vapor falls from the clouds to the oceanThe clouds travel above the mountains where the air is cooler so water is held more tightly--> 16% of water evaporates into the sky from plants via transpiration, while 23% of water vapor falls from the clouds onto the land--> water that ends up on the land runs off into the ocean |
