Bio 142 Chapter 20 Lecture

Front 1

Specialized clusters of MALT known as Peyer's patches are found it the

Back 1

small intenstine

Front 2

The system that contains no organs or tissue of its own but instead consists of proteins and cells located in the blood is known as the ___ system.

Back 2

immune

Front 3

What cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes?

Back 3

Antigen-presenting cells

Front 4

MALT is an acronym for ___ in the lymphatic system.

Back 4

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Front 5

The deep indents that trap bacteria in the epithelium lining the tonsils are known as

Back 5

crypts

Front 6

Which lymphatic organ contains both red pulp and white pulp?

Back 6

Spleen

Front 7

Acquired immunity allows for immunological memory in which lymphocytes respond to specific antigens during a lifetime. Another name for acquired immunity is

Back 7

Adaptive immunity

Front 8

The lymphoid organ that is the site of maturation of T-lymphocytes is the

Back 8

thymus

Front 9

Where are pathogens filtered from lymph?

Back 9

Lymph nodes

Front 10

Dead leukocytes, dead tissue cells, and fluid can all accumulate to form

Back 10

pus

Front 11

Surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the

Back 11

first line of defense

Front 12

How long after initial tissue damage does leukocytosis occur?

Back 12

3-4 days

Front 13

Specialized lymphatic capillaries known as ___ absorb dietary fats in the small intestine.

Back 13

lacteals

Front 14

Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system?

Back 14

Thymus

Front 15

Pyrogens act on the ___ and disrupts the body’s thermostat.

Back 15

hypothalamus

Front 16

Clusters of lymph nodes found under the arms are the

Back 16

axillary lymph nodes

Front 17

The only lymphatic organ with afferent lymphatic vessels is the

Back 17

lymph node

Front 18

Fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as

Back 18

lymph

Front 19

The lymphatic organ that protects us from pathogens in our blood is the

Back 19

spleen

Front 20

Removal of which of the following lymphoid organs would be most detrimental to immune function in an infant?

Back 20

Thymus

Front 21

List the body’s first, second, and third line of defense in order.

Back 21

Surface barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity

Front 22

The cells that are not found in most lymphoid tissues.

Back 22

Chondrocytes

Front 23

The lymph from the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct empty into the

Back 23

subclavian veins

Front 24

What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?

Back 24

Lymphocytes

Front 25

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) include the

Back 25

tonsils

Front 26

Chemical signals produced by leukocytes that affect other leukocytes are

Back 26

interleukins

Front 27

What symptom is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Back 27

Cold

Front 28

The cisterna chyli receive lymph drained from the

Back 28

intestinal and lumbar trunks

Front 29

Which type of cell is most effective in attacking parasitic pathogens such as tapeworms?

Back 29

Eosinophils

Front 30

What mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities?

Back 30

Tonsils

Front 31

What component is not a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense?

Back 31

Antibody

Front 32

Which region is not drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Back 32

Right side of the abdomen

Front 33

All immune cells of the lymphatic system originate in the

Back 33

bone marrow

Front 34

Lymph from the thoracic cavity is drained by the ___ trunks.

Back 34

bronchomediastinal

Front 35

___ will inhibit the ability of pathogens to infect other cells.

Back 35

Interferons

Front 36

Lymph draining into lymphatic vessels from the right leg to the bloodstream would travel along the following path:

Back 36

right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein

Front 37

Lymph is most closely related to

Back 37

interstitial fluid

Front 38

___ will increase their oxygen consumption when activated, known as respiratory burst, allowing them to create chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide.

Back 38

Neutrophils

Front 39

Which lymph trunks receive lymph from the upper limbs?

Back 39

Subclavian trunks

Front 40

The lymphatic organ that atrophies as we age is the

Back 40

thymus

Front 41

The second line of defense consists of responses of the cells and proteins that make up

Back 41

innate immunity

Front 42

The largest lymphatic duct, which runs along the anterior vertebral column, is the

Back 42

thoracic duct

Front 43

The reason why some vaccines require booster shots is because they are

Back 43

inactivated vaccines

Front 44

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV-1 infection, when an individual is said to have AIDS?

Back 44

Helper T (TH) cells

Front 45

___cells are required for almost all parts of the innate and adaptive immune responses to function properly.

Back 45

TH

Front 46

Which of the following processes is not a function of antibodies?

Back 46

Phagocytosis

Front 47

Which of the following statements are true of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?

Back 47

Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens.

Front 48

Approximately 75–80% of circulating antibodies in serum are

Back 48

IgG

Front 49

Activated B cells differentiate into

Back 49

Plasma cells and memory B cells

Front 50

Antibodies can bind to viral proteins, animal venoms, and bacterial toxins, rendering them inactive, by a process known as

Back 50

neutralization

Front 51

Cell-mediated immunity responds to

Back 51

cancer cells

Front 52

Which of the following immune responses is not associated with the common cold?

Back 52

Neutrophils enter the area in large numbers and phagocytize bacteria.

Front 53

Which of the following disorders is not a type of hypersensitivity?

Back 53

Immunodeficiency hypersensitivity

Front 54

Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit

Back 54

a primary immune response

Front 55

Blood transfusions between incompatible blood types results in

Back 55

type II, or antibody-mediated, hypersensitivity

Front 56

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

Back 56

thymus

Front 57

Passive immunity provided to newborns through the placenta belong to the ___ class of immunoglobulins.

Back 57

IgG

Front 58

What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection?

Back 58

Helper T (TH) cell

Front 59

A systemic release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators leads to the most dramatic immediate hypersensitivity reaction known as

Back 59

anaphylactic shock

Front 60

Mucous membranes and tears contain antimicrobial substances such as

Back 60

IgA

Front 61

Which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Back 61

Helper T cells

Front 62

Cytotoxic T cells are also known as

Back 62

CD8 cells

Front 63

What is a determinant for organ compatibility and rejection of transplants?

Back 63

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

Front 64

B cells develop and mature in the

Back 64

bone marrow

Front 65

The antibody IgE directly triggers

Back 65

inflammation

Front 66

Which of the following is not one of the five classes of antibodies?

Back 66

IgK

Front 67

T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are largely involved in scanning the cells in the body for tumor antigens, a function known as

Back 67

immune surveillance

Front 68

Autoimmune diseases are disorders where the immune system fails to distinguish _______ from foreign ones.

Back 68

self antigens

Front 69

Cells that de-differentiate, lose cell cycle control, and lose their attachment to the surrounding cells, are known as

Back 69

cancer cells

Front 70

What protein, released by cytotoxic T (TC) cells, perforates a target cell's plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell's DNA?

Back 70

Perforins

Front 71

The primary immune response can take up to ___ for the antibody to peak, whereas the secondary immune response can take up to ___ for the antibody to peak.

Back 71

7-14 days; 3-5 days

Front 72

___, cells that have not yet encountered their specific antigens, reside in the blood, lymphoid organs, or other lymphatic tissue.

Back 72

Naïve T cells

Front 73

If a patient had a parasitic infection, you would expect an elevated ___ count.

Back 73

eosinophil

Front 74

During leukopoiesis, neutrophils are derived from

Back 74

myeloblasts

Front 75

What cell gives rise to all formed elements?

Back 75

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

Front 76

What vessels pick up excess extracellular fluid in the interstitial space and return it to circulation?

Back 76

lymphatic vessels

Front 77

Compared to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries are

Back 77

blind ended

Front 78

A paper cut can allow bacteria to enter your tissue because it disrupts

Back 78

a surface barrier

Front 79

Cell-mediated immunity is to T cells as antibody-mediated immunity is to

Back 79

B cells

Front 80

What are not proteins of the immune system?

Back 80

Antigens

Front 81

Which line of defense is most important?

Back 81

All three lines of defense depend on each other to function properly and no single line is more important than the other.

Front 82

What symptom is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Back 82

Fever

Front 83

Patients infected with the hepatitis C virus will most likely receive a treatment based on

Back 83

interferons

Front 84

What is not a phagocytic cell of the immune system?

Back 84

Basophils

Front 85

Fever is initiated by chemicals called

Back 85

pyrogens

Front 86

Class I MHC molecules activate

Back 86

cytotoxic T cells

Front 87

You are looking at the contents of a cancer drug and notice interleukin-12. What is the role of interleukin-12?

Back 87

Stimulates helper T cells

Front 88

A small antigen that is immunogenic only if attached to a protein carrier is called a(n)

Back 88

hapten

Front 89

The drug tacrolimus is used to prevent transplant rejection. Predict the mechanisms of action of tacrolimus.

Back 89

Inhibits T cells

Front 90

Class I MHC molecules are found on

Back 90

all nucleated cells

Front 91

What cells are responsible for immunological surveillance and cancer prevention?

Back 91

NK cells

Front 92

Response by neutrophils and macrophages and subsequent activation of B cells and TH cells will most likely indicate

Back 92

bacterial infection

Front 93

Which of the following characteristics is associated with innate immunity?

Back 93

Rapid response