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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define Hypertonic
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The solution is higher on the outside. Water will rush from the cell to the outside solution. The cell will shrink
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define Concentration Gradient
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a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.
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define Hypotonic
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The solution is higher inside the cell. Water rushes into the cell. The cell inflates.
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Why do phospholipids form a bilayer
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phospholipids are polar molecules made from a phosphate group and two fatty tails. The heads interact with water while the tails interact with each other. A bilayer contains more potential energy than a single layer
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ethanol is small, polar, and uncharged, how does all of this affect the speed in which it moves through the cell membrane?
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The polarity will cause it to move slower. The small size and neutrality of its charge will cause it to move faster. Overall, it will move slower than water.
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what are the four nitrogen bases in RNA
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Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uricil
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What are the base pairs in DNA/RNA
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In DNA, A-T C-G. In RNA, A-U C-G
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What determines the primary structure of RNA
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The ribonucleotides.
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Why do phosphate groups allow reactions that are otherwise endergonic (energy is taken in) to occur
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They raise the potential energy enough for the reaction to become exergonic.
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Why is DNA more stable than RNA
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It lacks the hyroxyl group in the glucose. This makes it resistant to degrading
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Why are DNA molecules bad catalyst, while RNA is a good catalyst
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DNA's structure does not allow it to form active sites. It also does not contain the necessary hyroxyl group.
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What is present in every amino acid
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a carboxyl group and an amino group
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What determines the primary structure of a polypeptide?
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the sequence of amino acids
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what is "transition state"?
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the substance that is formed when covelent bonds are being broken down during a reaction
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How do temperature and PH affect enzyme function?
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They can change the shape and chemical reactivity of the active site
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