Big Names In Psychology

Front 1

Alfred Adler

Back 1

School: Psychoanalytic
Contributions: one is trying constantly to overcome childhood inferiority complex

Front 2

Mary Ainsworth

Back 2

School: Developmental
Contributions: studied little kids in the Strange Situation Experiment (insecure vs. secure attachment)

Front 3

Gordon Allport

Back 3

School: Trait
Contributions:cardinal, central, and secondary traits

Front 4

Solomon Asch

Back 4

School: Social
Contributions: line experiment, conformity

Front 5

Albert Bandura

Back 5

School: Cognitive & Behavioral
Contributions: Bobo Doll experiment (imitation, modeling) and reciprocal determinism

Front 6

Aaron Beck

Back 6

School: Cognitive
Contributions: founder of cognitive therapy

Front 7

Alfred Binet

Back 7

School: Cognitive
Contributions: created first standardized test for intelligence (mental age)

Front 8

Diana Baumrind

Back 8

School: Developmental
Contributions: parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive)

Front 9

Walter Cannon

Back 9

School: Cognitive
Contributions: Cannon Bard theory (emotions happen at same time as arousal)

Front 10

Raymond Cattell

Back 10

School: Trait
Contributions: 16 Personality Factors and surface traits

Front 11

Noam Chomsky

Back 11

School: Cognitive
Contributions: language acquisition device (innate aptitude for language)

Front 12

Herman Ebbinghaus

Back 12

School: Cognitive
Contributions: first to study memory, looked at forgetting curve

Front 13

Paul Ekman

Back 13

School: Cognitive
Contributions: 6 basic facial expressions (happy, sad, disgust, anger, fear, and surprise)

Front 14

Albert Ellis

Back 14

School: Cognitive
Contributions: rational emotive therapy (confronting irrational thoughts)

Front 15

Erik Erikson

Back 15

School: Developmental
Contributions: 8 stages of life, first developmental therapy for whole lifespan

Front 16

Hans Eysenck

Back 16

School: Trait
Contributions: dimensions of personality (stability vs. instability and extroversion vs. introversion)

Front 17

Leon Festinger

Back 17

School: Social
Contributions: cognitive dissonence

Front 18

Sigmund Freud

Back 18

School: psychoanalytic
Contributions: first comprehensive personality theory, first theory on abnormal behavior, and first type of talking therapy

Front 19

Howard Gardner

Back 19

School: Cognitive
Contributions: multiple intelligence theory

Front 20

Carol Gilligan

Back 20

School: Cognitive
Contributions: revised Kohlberg's theory on moral development to look at difference in genders

Front 21

Daniel Goleman

Back 21

School:
Contributions: emotional intelligence and immediate vs. delayed gratification

Front 22

J. P. Guilford

Back 22

School: Cognitive
Contributions: mental abilities (100+)

Front 23

G. Stanley Hall

Back 23

School: Developmental
Contributions: one of 1st American psychologists and first to study child psychology

Front 24

Harry Harlow

Back 24

School: Developmental
Contributions: monkeys & attachment

Front 25

Karen Horney

Back 25

School: Psychodynamic
Contributions: child anxiety, overcoming helplessness and Electra Complex

Front 26

William James

Back 26

School: Functionalism
Contributions: 1st American psychologist, studied how mind adapts to the world we live in

Front 27

Irving James

Back 27

School: Social
Contributions: groupthink

Front 28

Carl Jung

Back 28

School: psychoanalytic
Contributions: collective unconscious and archetypes

Front 29

Lawrence Kohlberg

Back 29

School: Developemental
Contributions: how moral dilemmas create moral development in men

Front 30

Wolfgang Kohler

Back 30

School: Gestalt (Cognitive)
Contributions: insight learning (chimpanzees)

Front 31

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Back 31

School: Developmental
Contributions: studied end of lifespan, stages of death and dying

Front 32

Karl Lashley

Back 32

School: Behavioral & Biological
Contributions: searched for engram (physical trace) for memory

Front 33

Richard Lazarus

Back 33

School: Cognitive
Contributions: thoughts precede emotions

Front 34

Elizabeth Loftus

Back 34

School: Cognitive
Contributions: eyewitness, reconstruction of memory

Front 35

Abraham Maslow

Back 35

School: Humanistic
Contributions: self actualization and hierarchy of needs

Front 36

David McClelland

Back 36

School: Cognitive
Contributions: box toss and achievement motivation

Front 37

Stanley Milgram

Back 37

School: Social
Contributions: shock experiment and obedience

Front 38

Ivan Pavlov

Back 38

School: Behavioral
Contributions: classical conditioning

Front 39

Jean Piaget

Back 39

School: Cognitive
Contributions: stages of reasoning

Front 40

Robert Rescorla

Back 40

School: Cognitive & Behavioral
Contributions: contingency model of classical conditioning (adding thinking to the process)

Front 41

Carl Rodgers

Back 41

School: Humanistic
Contributions: self-concept and genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

Front 42

Hermann Rorschach

Back 42

School: Psychoanalytic
Contributions: inkblot projective test

Front 43

Julian Rotter

Back 43

School: Social and Cognitive
Contributions: personal control (internal vs. external locus of control)

Front 44

Stanley Schachter

Back 44

School: Cognitive
Contributions: 2-factor theory - you must experience arousal and interpret the situation to feel emotion

Front 45

Martin Seligman

Back 45

School: Cognitive
Contributions: learned helplessness

Front 46

Hans Selye

Back 46

School: No one in particular, physiological
Contributions: general adaption syndrome (how we respond to stress: alarm, resistance, and the exhaustion)

Front 47

B. F. Skinner

Back 47

School: Behavioral
Contributions: Skinner box, operant conditioning

Front 48

Charles Spearman

Back 48

School: Cognitive
Contributions: g-factor of intelligence

Front 49

Robert Sternberg

Back 49

School: Social and Cognitive
Contributions: triarchic theory of intelligence (analytic, creative, and practical) and triangular theory of love (intimacy, passion, and commitment)

Front 50

Lewis Terman

Back 50

School: Cognitive
Contributions: Standford - Binet

Front 51

E. L. Thorndike

Back 51

School: Behavioral
Contributions: first to talk about operant conditioning, law of effect

Front 52

L. L. Thurstone

Back 52

School: Cognitive
Contributions: 7 clusters of mental ability ---> used by Weschler to create WAIS and WISC

Front 53

Edward Titchner

Back 53

School: Structuralism
Contributions: brought psychology to America

Front 54

Lev Vygotsky

Back 54

School: Developmental
Contributions: looked at role of environment in intellectual development of children (zone of proximal development)

Front 55

J. B. Watson

Back 55

School: Behavioral
Contributions: classical conditioning and Lil Albert

Front 56

Max Wertheimer

Back 56

School: Gestalt
Contributions: creator of Gestalt psych. (whole is greater than the sum of its parts)

Front 57

Benjamin Whorf

Back 57

School: Cognitive
Contributions: learn language through environment and language and thinking influence each other

Front 58

Wilhelm Wundt

Back 58

School: Structuralism
Contributions: 1st psychologist

Front 59

Robert Zajonc

Back 59

School: Social
Contributions: social facilitation and mere exposure effect

Front 60

Philip Zimbardo

Back 60

School: Social
Contributions: Stanford Prison Experiment and roleplaying