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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diffusion
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The spread of certain ideas, customs or practices from one culture to another
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Acculturation
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massive culture change that occurs in a society when it encounters new ideas.
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cultural loss
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The abandonment of an existing practice or trait.
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ethnocide
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The violent eradication of an ethnic group's cultural ID/heritage as a distinctive people. example: chinese takeover of Tibet
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genocide
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The physical extermination of one people by another. Could be: deliberate or accidental.
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Tribe
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a range of kin ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor: ancestry, ID, culture, language, territory, etc.
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Band
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a small, loosely organized kin-ordered group that lives in a specific territory; may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically independedent.
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psychoanalytic focus
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emotions, subconscious. the role played by unconscious motivation and early childhood experiences in determining behavior. (Freud)
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humanistic focus
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role played by subjective experiences; and intrinsic motivation to achieve self actualization in determining behavior.
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Erik Erikson (1904-1994)
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student of Freud. Major contribution: the eight stages in perception of self.
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biological focus
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role played by biological factors in determining behavior.
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Ernst Weber (1795-1878)
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came up w/ Weber's Law, which measures thresholds in humans.
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Gustav Fechner (1801-1887)
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one of the founders of modern, experimental psycology. Separated psychology (the study of the mind) as a unique academic discipline.
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B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
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popularized behavioralism. purported that behavior is determined by environment. Analyzed conditions and consequences of behavior.
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evolutionary focus
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based on Darwin's natural selection. studies how human adapt to their environment for survival. concentrates on universal traits that are in every species.
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cognitive focus
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looks at how mental processes (perception, thinking, memory) affect behavior.
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Hermann von Helmholz (1821-1894)
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one of the fathers of modern psychology
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Carl Jung (1875-1961)
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neo-freudian. used some freudian categories to build his own. Believed everyone had two consciouses. One was unique to each (EGO) and the other was a collective consciousness that included belief in God/the Devil, etc. (universals)
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socio-cultural approach
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looks at how culture and society affect behavior.
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
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invented Ego/ Id/ SuperEgo.
Ego: Conscious Self. Reigns in Id. Id: Subconscious Self; natural impulses- sex,hunger SuperEgo: cultural influences that give categories to the Ego. |
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Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
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came up with "conditioning" as a form of learning.
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race
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a category of people who are defined as similar due to similar physical characteristics
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ethnic group
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a distinct cultural tradition that its own members identify with and that may or may not be recognized by others.
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prejudice
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an irrationally based negative, or occasionally positive, attitude toward certain groups and their members.
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discrimination
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differential treatment, usually unequal and injurious, accorded to individuals who are assumed to belong to a particular category or group.
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