Beef & Dairy Cattle Breed Quiz

Front 1

Back 1

Angus

Front 2

Angus

Back 2

Black, Scotland, marbled

Front 3

Back 3

American Salers

Front 4

American Salers

Back 4

Mahogany red, France, good foraging on poor range

Front 5

Back 5

Beefmaster

Front 6

Beefmaster

Back 6

Texas, Hereford/Shorthorn/Brahmans, drooping ears and loose hide

Front 7

Back 7

Brahman

Front 8

Brahman

Back 8

SW USA, drooping ears, loose hide, pendulous sheath, hump

Front 9

Back 9

Brangus

Front 10

Brangus

Back 10

Brahman/Angus, USA, polled, drooping ears and loose hide, bulls have small hump, adapt well to different climates

Front 11

Back 11

Charolais

Front 12

Charolais

Back 12

Light straw with pink skin, France, large and heavily muscled, horns

Front 13

Back 13

Chianina

Front 14

Chianina

Back 14

White/grey with black skin & switch, Italy, up to 4000lbs, high heat and disease tolerance

Front 15

Back 15

Gelbvieh

Front 16

Gelbvieh

Back 16

Red/russet with dark skin and hooves, W Germany

Front 17

Back 17

Hereford

Front 18

Horned & Polled Herefords

Back 18

Red body, white face & ventral, England

Front 19

Back 19

Limousin

Front 20

Limousin

Back 20

Mahogany red with light tan ventral & muzzle & legs, France, small & short head, short neck, lean & large loin

Front 21

Back 21

Maine-Anjou

Front 22

Maine-Anjou

Back 22

Dark red with white ventral & spots, France, lightly pigmented skin, marbled

Front 23

Back 23

Red Angus

Front 24

Red Angus

Back 24

Red recessive, USA, 1945, tolerate warmer temps otherwise like Black Angus

Front 25

Back 25

Santa Gertrudis

Front 26

Santa Gertrudis

Back 26

Cherry red, Texas, Brahman bull/Shorthorn cow, hair different lengths based on weather, resist disease & insects

Front 27

Back 27

Shorthorn

Front 28

Shorthorn

Back 28

Red/white/roan, England, cross well

Front 29

Back 29

Simmental

Front 30

Simmental

Back 30

Switzerland, horns, rapid growth, no excess fat

Front 31

Back 31

Texas Longhorn

Front 32

Texas Longhorn

Back 32

1000lbs, Spain, many shades/colors, horns curve upward 4ft+, long legs & high shoulders, hair btw horns

Front 33

Back 33

Ayrshire

Front 34

Ayrshire

Back 34

Dairy- Red/mahogany/brown, Scotland, well-balanced udders attached high caudal and extend, 3rd avg milk production, 4th avg milk fat

Front 35

Back 35

Brown Swiss

Front 36

Brown Swiss

Back 36

Dairy- brown with black nose & tongue, large-framed and docile, 2nd avg milk production, 3rd avg milk fat

Front 37

Back 37

Guernsey

Front 38

Guernsey

Back 38

Dairy- Isle of Guernsey, fawn with white, early-maturing, golden milk, 4th avg milk production, 2nd avg milk fat

Front 39

Back 39

Holstein-Fresian

Front 40

Holstein-Friesian

Back 40

Dairy- black and white, Netherlands, red recessive, largest of dairy breeds 1500-2200, bulls aggressive, 1st avg milk production 14,500lbs, 5th avg milk fat 3.5%

Front 41

Back 41

Jersey

Front 42

Jersey

Back 42

Dairy- cream/light fawn/almost black, Isle of Jersey, smallest 1000-1600lbs, bulls aggressive, 5th avg milk production 10,000lbs, 1st avg milk fat 5.4%

Front 43

Crossbreeding

Back 43

Mating sires of one breed to dams of another, increases heterosis and diversity

Front 44

Grading up

Back 44

Mating of a nondistinctive animal to a purebred

Front 45

Mutation and traction

Back 45

Method to resolve dystocia, reposition and pull

Front 46

Fetotomy

Back 46

Method to resolve dystocia, fetus is dead, amputate and remove parts

Front 47

C section

Back 47

Method of treating dystocia, if trauma of vaginal birth outweighs risk of surgery

Front 48

Pen mating

Back 48

Group of males and females left in a pen to mate naturally. Aka harem mating, less males than females

Front 49

Hand mating

Back 49

1 male and 1 female in estrus, watched for mating

Front 50

Individual breeding

Back 50

1 female and 1 male left unsupervised, assumed to mate eventually once female is in estrus

Front 51

Non-ruminants?

Back 51

Horses and swine

Front 52

Ruminants

Back 52

Cattle, sheep, goats

Front 53

Modified ruminants

Back 53

Llamas and alpacas

Front 54

What does the large intestine do during digestion?

Back 54

Water absorption, mucous production

Front 55

What does the small intestine do during digestion?

Back 55

Chyme mixes with pancreatic juices, bile, and intestinal juices for digestion of proteins, starch, and fat

Front 56

What does the cardiac do during digestion?

Back 56

Connects esophagus to stomach

Front 57

What does the pancreas do during digestion?

Back 57

Secretes pancreatic juices

Front 58

Dry Roughages/Forages

Back 58

Cut and cured plants to be fed year-long, >18% crude fiber

Front 59

Pasture plants

Back 59

Uncut Roughages, eaten directly, 18% crude fiber

Front 60

Energy feeds

Back 60

High total digestible energy feeds, ie cereal grains, sorghum, by-products, <18% crude fiber <20% protein

Front 61

Alfalfa

Back 61

Type of clover (legume) proteinaceous roughage, can cause bloat

Front 62

Hay

Back 62

Type of proteinaceous roughage, can be combined grasses or hay sp

Front 63

Straw

Back 63

Type of carbonaceous roughage, usually bedding but can be low protein diet

Front 64

Stocks

Back 64

Type of carbonaceous roughage, utilized for winter grazing, low protein

Front 65

Corn

Back 65

Cereal grain energy feed, most common

Front 66

Oats

Back 66

Cereal grain energy feed, very palatable

Front 67

Barley

Back 67

Cereal grain energy feed, less palatable and can be infected by ergot fungus

Front 68

Wheat

Back 68

Cereal grain energy feed, less common due to high human demand

Front 69

Rye

Back 69

Type of cereal grain energy feed, low palatability and can have ergot fungus

Front 70

Triticale

Back 70

Type of cereal grain energy feed, combination of wheat and rye

Front 71

Sorghum

Back 71

Type of energy feed, drought-resistant, should be processed for maximum digestibility

Front 72

Molasses

Back 72

Energy feed, by-product from sugar beets and sugar cane

Front 73

Silages

Back 73

Green forage (corn, sorghum, alfalfa, clover) compressed and stored in silo with no oxygen to be fermented, long-term storage

Front 74

Feeding barn and dry lot

Back 74

Cattle fed inside barn, otherwise outside

Front 75

Open barn and dry lot

Back 75

Some shelter provided and cattle fed using fence line feeders

Front 76

Open dry lot

Back 76

Utilizes wind breaks or natural shelters, not pasture!

Front 77

Grade A

Back 77

Eligible for fluid use

Raw milk cooled to 45F or less within 2hrs, after blending can't be over 50F

Bacteria <100,000 per mL, after blending <300,000

Somatic cells <750,000 per mL

No antibiotics detectible

Front 78

Grade B

Back 78

Manufacturing milk

Bacteria <500,000 per mL

Somatic cells <750,000 per mL

No drug residues present

Front 79

Pasteurization

Back 79

Process of heating and cooling repeatedly to remove bacteria

Front 80

Milk fat amounts

Back 80

Whole milk 3.25%

Low-fat 0.5-2%

Skim <0.5%

Front 81

Pepsin

Back 81

Stomach enzyme, breaks down proteins

Front 82

Trypsin

Back 82

Small intestine enzyme, breaks down protein

Front 83

Pancreatic amylase

Back 83

Small intestine enzyme, breaks down starch to maltase

Front 84

Lipase

Back 84

Small intestine enzyme, breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Front 85

Gallbladder

Back 85

Houses bile, which helps break down fats and fatty acids

Front 86

Salivary amylase

Back 86

Mouth enzyme, breaks starch down into maltase

Front 87

Salivary maltase

Back 87

Mouth enzyme, breaks maltase to glucose

Front 88

Ruminant path of feedstuffs through stomach

Back 88

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Front 89

Septic mastitis in a cow

Back 89

Bacterial infection of udder, most common from bacteria ascending the streak canal/test orifice when open for milking. Clean teat only!

Front 90

Cow

Back 90

Mature female

Front 91

Heifer

Back 91

Immature female

Front 92

Bull

Back 92

Mature male

Front 93

Steer

Back 93

Castrated male

Front 94

Calf

Back 94

Neonate

Front 95

Calving

Back 95

Parturition

Front 96

Heifer calf

Back 96

Neonate female younger than 1 yo

Front 97

Bull calf

Back 97

Neonate male younger than 1

Front 98

Bovine TPR

Back 98

Temp 100-102.5

Pulse 40-80 bpm

Resp 10-30 bpm

Front 99

Estimated Progeny Differences

Back 99

Predicting characteristics of offspring, males only

Front 100

Estimated breeding values

Back 100

EPDs plus heritability

Front 101

Conformation

Back 101

Physical traits

Front 102

Pedigree

Back 102

Performance traits of an animal's ancestors

Front 103

Estrous Cycle order

Back 103

Proestrus, Estrus, Metaestrus, Diestrus (anestrus only during pregnancy)

Front 104

Proestrus

Back 104

Follicle stimulating hormone causes development of follicles in the ovary

Front 105

Estrus

Back 105

Luteinizing hormone causes the follicle to rupture, triggering ovulation

Front 106

Metaestrus

Back 106

The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum

Front 107

Diestrus-no pregnancy

Back 107

Prostaglandin levels surge, causing lysis of the corpus luteum

Front 108

Diestrus-pregnancy

Back 108

Progesterone is produced until gestation

Front 109

Progesterone

Back 109

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum, maintains pregnancy

Front 110

FSH

Back 110

Follicle-stimulating hormone, causes follicular development and estradiol synthesis

Front 111

LH

Back 111

Luteinizing hormone, stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

Front 112

Prostaglandin

Back 112

Hormone that causes regression of the corpus luteum

Front 113

A heifer should be at what percent of mature cow weight before breeding?

Back 113

60-65%

Front 114

A breeding soundness exam if males emphasizes

Back 114

Vision and conformation (factors can create variation in scrotal size)

Front 115

Phenothiazine-based tranquilizers

Back 115

Used to examine males external genitalia, helps with prolonged penile extension

Front 116

Hemocytometer

Back 116

Determines sperm concentration

Front 117

Methods of semen collection

Back 117

Electroejaculation, artificial vagina, or natural stimulation

Front 118

Pregnancy detection in cattle and horses

Back 118

Rectal palpation

Front 119

Pregnancy detection in sheep and goats

Back 119

Transabdominal ultrasound

Front 120

Pregnancy detection in swine

Back 120

Transabdominal ultrasound

Front 121

Oxytocin

Back 121

Hormone that is responsible for uterine contractions

Front 122

Meconium

Back 122

First stool passed by newborn, dark, should pass within 12 hours of birth

Front 123

Order of neonatal care after birth?

Back 123

Oxygen- temp- umbilical- nursing- bonding- meconium- antibodies- exam

Front 124

What happens in the rumen?

Back 124

Microbial digestion by bacteria and protozoans

Front 125

What happens in the reticulum?

Back 125

Grinding of feed material

Front 126

What happens in the omasum?

Back 126

Function unknown, thought to contribute to grinding and removing water

Front 127

What happens in the abomasum?

Back 127

True stomach, gastric acid breaks down food

Front 128

Lipids

Back 128

Sources of heat and energy, carry fat-soluble vitamins A D E K

Front 129

Carbohydrates

Back 129

Simple sugars held together by glycosidic bonds, energy source

Front 130

Water-soluble vitamins

Back 130

B-complex, C, also K (fat-soluble) synthesized by rumen when healthy,

Front 131

Thiamine deficiency result

Back 131

Blindness, heart irregularities, convulsions, death

Front 132

Folic acid and riboflavin deficiency results

Back 132

Anemia, diarrhea, poor growth

Front 133

7 macrominerals

Back 133

Calcium & phosphorus, sodium & chloride, magnesium, sulfur, potassium

Front 134

Ergot

Back 134

Black fungus that reduces blood supply to the extremities, resulting in necrosis of the lower limbs; tail and ear tips also become necrotic

Front 135

Identifying nutritional requirements

Back 135

Find maintenance requirements, then add nutrients based on function

Front 136

Determining feeds

Back 136

Look at type of digestive system, amount of feed an animal can consume, and best feeds available

Front 137

Total body water

Back 137

60% intracellular

30% extracellular (plasma & lymph)

10% transcellular (body cavities)

Front 138

Maintenance fluids needed calc

Back 138

2-4 mL/kg/hour

Front 139

5% dehydration

Back 139

HR 28-40 CRT <2 PCV wnl

Front 140

6-7% dehydration

Back 140

Mild: HR 40-60 CRT 2 PCV 40/7 skin tent 2-3 seconds

Front 141

8-9% dehydration

Back 141

Moderate: HR 61-80 CRT 3 skin tent 3-5 seconds tacky mm

Front 142

10-11% dehydration

Back 142

Severe: HR 81-100 CRT 4 PCV/TS 50/8 weak pulse, tent >5 s

Front 143

Deficit replacement

Back 143

Kg x % dehydration

Front 144

Max fluid rate for potassium chloride

Back 144

1 mEQ/kg/hr

Front 145

Enteral nutrition

Back 145

GI support: nasogastric tube and liquid diet

Front 146

Parenteral nutrition

Back 146

IV support- partial or total based on calculated nutritional needs

Front 147

Lactation Cycle Phase 1

Back 147

Calving makes milk production climb rapidly. Metabolic diseases (ketosis) common during this phase

Front 148

Lactation Cycle Phase 2

Back 148

Feed intake adequately matches milk production, lost weight is regained.

Front 149

Lactation Cycle Phase 3

Back 149

Dry matter consumption declines as milk production steadily declines

Front 150

Lactation Cycle Phase 4

Back 150

Dry phase, good nutrition to prep for next calf, ideal BCS

Front 151

Freshening

Back 151

Calving/kidding/parturition

Front 152

Seed stock producers/ Purebred Breeders

Back 152

Beef industry, raise cattle for genetic enhancement

Front 153

Cow/calf producers

Back 153

Beef industry, raise calves for sale to feedlots

Front 154

Stocker feeders

Back 154

Beef industry, lighter calves given a high-roughage diet through winter

Front 155

Feedlots

Back 155

Beef industry, grow cows for harvest

Front 156

Quality grade vs yield grade

Back 156

Quality: amount and coverage of finish, muscles

Yield: fat coverage

Front 157

Farrowing

Back 157

Parturition in swine

Front 158

Most common cause of piglet death

Back 158

Crushing by the sow

Front 159

Mohair

Back 159

Goat fiber

Llama, alpaca, sheep fiber is wool

Front 160

Anthrax

Back 160

Splenic fever, bacterial, zoonotic, reportable

Front 161

Brucellosis

Back 161

Bang disease, bacterial, causes abortion, shed in repro fluids, zoologic (ungulate fever), reportable

Front 162

Calf enteritis

Back 162

Scours, bacterial, major cause of death in the first few weeks of life

Front 163

Johne disease

Back 163

Para tuberculosis, mycobacterial, fecal-oral, silent stage, reportable, zoonotic (Chrone's disease), no tx

Front 164

Leptospirosis

Back 164

Bacterial, zoonotic, reportable

Front 165

Mastitis

Back 165

Inflammation of mammary gland, bacterial, clinical and subclinical

Front 166

Metritis

Back 166

Inflammation of uterus

Front 167

Shipping fever

Back 167

Pasteurellosis, bacterial, upper respiratory bacteria cause cough

Front 168

Tuberculosis

Back 168

Bacterial, granulomatous disease,reportable

Front 169

Vibriosis

Back 169

Venereal bacterial disease, clinical signs often absent

Front 170

Wooden tongue

Back 170

Actinobacillosis, bacterial, abscesses of tongue from upper GI bacteria

Front 171

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

Back 171

Mad cow disease, abnormal protein (prion), reportable, infected meat

Front 172

Dermatophytosis

Back 172

Ringworm, fungal, itchy lesions, self-resolves

Front 173

Trichomoniasis

Back 173

Protozoal, venereal disease, effects repro, bulls infected for life, reportable

Front 174

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Back 174

RNA virus, replicates in lower respiratory tract, predisposes to secondary bact infection

Front 175

Bovine virus diarrhea

Back 175

Transmitted by secretions, excretions, or fetally, causes reabsorption or carrier, ulcerated lesions, reportable

Front 176

Foot & Mouth disease

Back 176

Viral, Highly contagious, foreign, fatal, lesions, reportable

Front 177

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Back 177

Red nose, caused by bovine herpes virus 1, reportable

Front 178

Fatty liver disease

Back 178

Over conditioning at parturition, triglycerides build up in liver

Front 179

Hardware disease

Back 179

Foreign body ingestion, penetrates abomasum

Front 180

Hypocalcemia

Back 180

Milk fever, low calcium from milk production

Front 181

Hypomagnesemic Tetany

Back 181

Grass Tetany/ Grass Staggers, low magnesium in blood, death

Front 182

Intersexuality

Back 182

Hermaphrodite, Freemartinism common in cattle, female with male twin develops abnormal internal genitalia

Front 183

Abomasal volvulus

Back 183

Rotates on mesenteric axis

Front 184

Polio encephalomalacia

Back 184

PEM, thiamine deficiency from abnormal rumen fermentation causes neurologic disease

Front 185

Listeriosis

Back 185

Bacterial, from contaminated silage or rodents, facial nerve paralysis

Front 186

Blackleg

Back 186

Bacteria in muscles, found dead

Front 187

Laminitis

Back 187

Founder, any changes to the corium of the hoof

Front 188

Urolithiasis

Back 188

Formation of urinary stones in bulls, caused by high-grain diets and stones can obstruct sigmoid flexure

Front 189

Alkaloid toxin

Back 189

Liver disease

Front 190

Urea toxin

Back 190

Ruminal tympany

Front 191

Photosensitizing agent toxin

Back 191

Dermatological

Front 192

Cyanogenic toxin

Back 192

Dyspnea

Front 193

Lead toxin

Back 193

Blindness

Front 194

Nitrate toxin

Back 194

Vitamin a deficiency

Front 195

Mycotoxins

Back 195

Reduced feed intake

Front 196

Saponin toxins

Back 196

V/d

Front 197

Tannin toxins

Back 197

Anorexia

Front 198

Cattle puberty

Back 198

7-18mo

Front 199

Cattle permanent dental formula

Back 199

2(I0... no incisors!

Front 200

Healthy, mature cattle drink how much water?

Back 200

10-14 gallons daily