Bccc Ormc Gi

Front 1

The – contributes the enzyme amylase to the saliva, which is responsible for the break down of polysaccharides

Back 1

Parotid gland

Front 2

Arterial blood supply to the stomach is through:

Back 2

The celiac plexus

Front 3

Anger stimulates gastric emptying.

Back 3

True

Front 4

The serosa of the small intestine:

Back 4

Helps to maintain the position of the intestine within the abdominal cavity.

Front 5

----- is produced by the fat cells of the body and travels to the brain where it turns off the hunger cells.

Back 5

Leptin

Front 6

Stimulation of the parasympathetic branch will stimulate motility through the large intestine and contract anal sphincters.

Back 6

False

Front 7

The – layers of the small intestine functions to produce involuntary motility and peristalsis

Back 7

Muscularis

Front 8

Intestinal motility is decreased by:

Back 8

Eating a low bulk diet

Front 9

Intestinal motility is stimulated by:

Back 9

Viral infections

Front 10

Which esophageal sphincter prevents reflux of gastric contents and regulates flow into the stomach?

Back 10

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Front 11

– Can be stored by the liver

Back 11

Fat soluble vitamins

Front 12

The – nerve is responsible for innervation of the gallbladder

Back 12

Splanchnic nerve

Front 13

The purpose of bile is to

Back 13

Participate in the digestion of fat

Front 14

The – functions to control the rate of bile flow

Back 14

Sphincter of oddi

Front 15

The vagal branch of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the pancreas to:

Back 15

Increase secretion

Front 16

What causes fluid shifts by losses into the bowel lumen?

Back 16

Ileus

Front 17

Translocation of bacteria:

Back 17

Is movement of potentially pathogenic bacteria out of the gut into the bloodstream

Front 18

Patients receiving TPN should have what checked frequently

Back 18

Glucose

Front 19

Special nutritional considerations in the patient with pulmonary disturbances include:w

Back 19

A high-fat tube-feeding designed to promote anabolism while minimizing carbon dioxide production may be a good choice for these patients

Front 20

Special nutritional considerations in the bariatric patient population include:

Back 20

Regardless of their adiposity these patients must have early aggressive nutritional support

Front 21

Special nutritional considerations in the patient with cardiovascular disturbances include:

Back 21

Requires diet modification to allow for control of weight, serum lipids, and blood pressure

Front 22

– Is not a complication of tube feedings

Back 22

Infection

Front 23

A major complication of discontinuing TPN abruptly is

Back 23

Hypoglycemia

Front 24

Metabolism:

Back 24

Supports Gluconeogenesis

Front 25

Carbohydrates:

Back 25

The only energy source that can be used by the central nervous system

Front 26

CBC evaluation:

Back 26

Can also reflect alcohol abuse, iron, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

Front 27

The nasogastric enteral delivery route:

Back 27

Is a large bore tube that clogs less; maybe used for decompression.

Front 28

Critically ill patients who, On hospital admission, meet the criteria for malnutrition are at increased risk for

Back 28

Poor wound healing

Front 29

Complications of the nasogastric feeding route are

Back 29

Inadvertent tube dislodge meant; possible aspiration

Front 30

The Nasoduodenal enteral route:

Back 30

Requires a functioning G.I. tract; good choice for patients at risk for aspiration

Front 31

The Jejunostomy enteral delivery route

Back 31

Is used when gastric motility impaired or there is a history of reflux

Front 32

When the IAP is determined from the printed strip, the pressure is always measured at

Back 32

End expiration

Front 33

Arterial blood supply to the stomach is through which of the following. Gastric artery. Gastric vein. Celiac plexus. Splenic artery.

Back 33

Celiac plexus

Front 34

Which of the following extends from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure

Back 34

Transverse colon

Front 35

Which layer of the large intestine receives the predominant volume of blood supply

Back 35

Mucosa

Front 36

Which layer of the large intestine functions to move its contents toward the anus through Peristalsis

Back 36

Muscularis

Front 37

What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver

Back 37

They are macrophages that filter out bacteria and other foreign substances from the blood

Front 38

Detoxification of blood takes place

Back 38

In the Kupffer cells of the liver

Front 39

Which of the following are synthesized by the liver

Back 39

Clotting factors

Front 40

The liver produces 60 to 100 mL of bile per day

Back 40

False

Front 41

When there is an emergency disruption of the in fusion of peripheral parenteral nutrition the nurse knows to prevent hypoglycemia the following replacement fluid should be you

Back 41

D 10 w

Front 42

Electrolyte evaluation

Back 42

Maybe the only indicator of diuretic excess

Front 43

Intra-abdominal pressure is in the low to moderate range can affect the neurological system by

Back 43

Increasing the ICP and decreasing the CPP

Front 44

Laboratory studies that are indicative of acute pancreatitis are

Back 44

Elevated glucose, elevated serum amylase, and elevated lipase

Front 45

Hepatitis is most often caused by all of the following except: viruses. Toxins. Bacteria. Drugs and alcohol

Back 45

Bacteria

Front 46

Patients with alcoholic hepatitis, acute liver failure and cirrhosis may have an abnormal

Back 46

Platelet count

Front 47

Elevation of what liver function test indicate excessive breakdown of RBCs

Back 47

Indirect Bilirubin

Front 48

– Facilitates the placement of a feeding tube

Back 48

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Front 49

GI angiography is usually performed to detect the source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Back 49

False

Front 50

During shock, infection or other inflammatory processes of the peritonitis becomes – to –

Back 50

Permeable
Bacteria

Front 51

A – always occurs with peritonitis

Back 51

ILEUS

Front 52

Four major functions of the liver

Back 52

Metabolize and store nutrients. Synthesize clotting factors. Detoxify the blood. Produced bile for fat digestion and storage of fat-soluble vitamins

Front 53

Exocrine functions of pancreas: Trypsin to digest –. Amylase to digest –. Lipase to digest – .

Back 53

Proteins
Starches
Fat

Front 54

Free air in the abdomen is an emergency and indicates a

Back 54

Bowel perforation

Front 55

Upper G.I. bleed originates above the blank and blank

Back 55

Duodenum

Jejunum

Front 56

The most common causes of G.I. bleed are

Back 56

pUD, stress ulcers, esophageal Varices

Front 57

The most common cause of G.I. bleed are –

Back 57

ASA/NSAIDs
Helibactor pylori

Front 58

– Percent of patients with stress ulcers have an acute episode of -

Back 58

30
Gi bleed

Front 59

Up to – percent of patients with esophageal varices will have an episode of bleeding, associated with –

Back 59

40
Hi mortality rate

Front 60

Two major causes of lower G.I. bleed are

Back 60

Angeo dysplasia and diverticula

Front 61

Blood in the G.I. tract is an irritant and causes –

Back 61

Hamatemesis
Bloody stool

Front 62

Acute liver failure is defined as – on set in patients without history of –, mortality is – percent

Back 62

Acute
Liver disease
80

Front 63

patients with ALF most likely present with – and-

Back 63

Headache
Jaundice

Front 64

Physical signs on assessment of ALF include

Back 64

Jaundice, confusion, palmar erythema, bruising, metabolic acidosis, ascites, spider angiomata,Asterixis

Front 65

The inability of the diseased liver to metabolize protein byproducts such as ammonia results in-

Back 65

Hepatic encephalopathy

Front 66

Complications of liver failure include

Back 66

Cerebral edema, cardiac dysrhythmia, ARDS, and renal failure

Front 67

– Is given to find ammonia in the gut to prevent Hepatic –

Back 67

Lactulose
Failure

Front 68

Acute viral hepatitis will likely – whereas the acute fulminant hepatitis will -

Back 68

Most likely resolve on its own.
Will require aggressive intervention and management to prevent progression to acute liver failure

Front 69

Definition of hepatitis

Back 69

Inflammation of the liver without a specific cause identified

Front 70

Chronic hepatitis is classified based on the amount of inflammation in the liver. it can progress to – and has a higher incidence of-

Back 70

Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 71

Causes of hepatitis

Back 71

Alcohol abuse, medications, toxins, herbal supplements, death Mushrooms, autoimmune, viruses

Front 72

Hepatitis – are cleared rapidly Hepatitis – , –, –, can progress to chronic disease

Back 72

A, E

B,C,D

Front 73

Clinical presentation of hepatitis includes

Back 73

Jaundice. Dark urine. Joint pain. Hepatic failure.

Front 74

Lab values indicative of liver dysfunction include

Back 74

ALT, AST, Billy Ruben and phosphatase levels. All will be increased

Front 75

The most common causes of pancreatitis are – and -.

Back 75

Alcohol abuse

Biliary tract disease

Front 76

The hallmark of pancreatitis is

Back 76

Auto digestion

Front 77

Complications of pancreatitis include

Back 77

Hypovolemic shock, primary and secondary infection, pulmonary problems, development of pancreatic fistula pseudocyst or abscess

Front 78

Signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis include-

Back 78

Sudden onset of pain and epigastric area that radiates to back

Front 79

The specific lab diagnostic for pancreatitis is

Back 79

Increased Serum lipase

Front 80

Pancreatitis causes severe pain. The appropriate narcotic is – since it does not cost spasm of the sphincter of Oddi

Back 80

Hydromorphone/diallaudid

Front 81

Nausea vomiting and diarrhea maybe a sign of – and may require – and -

Back 81

Paralytic ileus
Ng tube
Antiemetics

Front 82

In addition to thrombotic risk factors, causes for bowel infarction Include

Back 82

Advanced age. CAD. History of dysrhythmia's. A fib. S/p MI

Front 83

Presentation of mesenteric emboli include

Back 83

Sudden severe pain that is poorly localized located in the periumbical region. Pain is severe and out of proportion to the physical findings. Not relieved by medication

Front 84

The abdomen may be – with only mild -

Back 84

Soft
Tenderness

Front 85

Lab findings for bowel infarct include

Back 85

Elev WBCs.
Increased lactate levels
Metabolic acidosis severe enough to cause and MI
Increased serum amylase
Increased potassium due to progressive tissue damage severe hyper Kaylee me

Front 86

This patient will be prepared for –

Back 86

Emergent surgery

Front 87

Bowel obstruction is defined as – or – of flow of bowel contents

Back 87

Impairment
Complete stoppage

Front 88

Most partial small bowel obstruction – but most complete small bowel obstructions require -

Back 88

Resolve

Surgery

Front 89

Strangulation obstructions such asked strangulated hernia, volvulus or interssusception can progress to – or – as little as six hours

Back 89

Infarction
Gangrene

Front 90

Small bowel obstruction symptoms develop – include cramping in the - or-

Back 90

Quickly
Umbilical area
Abdomen

Front 91

In small bowel obstruction bowel sounds would be – with rushes and coincide with cramping

Back 91

Hyperactive, high-pitched

Front 92

Complete obstruction would cause -. Partial of instruction would cause –

Back 92

Severe constipation

Diarrhea

Front 93

In small bowel obstruction severe, steady pain suggest – has occurred

Back 93

Strangulation

Front 94

In small bowel obstruction shock or oligurea are signs of - or -

Back 94

Late Simple obstruction

Strangulation

Front 95

Large bowel obstruction presents with – symptoms and progress – usually d/t increasing –

Back 95

Milder
More gradually
Constipation

Front 96

Large bowel obstruction. On physical exam the patient presents with –, -,no –, and rectum is usually -.

Back 96

Distended abdomen
Borborgymi
No tenderness
Empty

Front 97

A large bowel volvulus presents with – onset, with – pain and may have waves Aquality pay

Back 97

Abrupt

Continuous

Front 98

The pathology of intra-abdominal hypertension is interstitial – of the bowel and mesentery Due to-.

Back 98

Edema

Capillary endothelial damage

Front 99

Grey- blue discoloration of the flank often seen with pancreatitis

Back 99

Great Turner's sign

Front 100

Discoloration of the umbilical region seen with pancreatitis

Back 100

Cullen's Sign