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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a logical fiction? |
A concept in our mind with no exact counterpart in reality
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Of the three examples given which of the three are logical fictions? (Basic Principal #2) |
One to none (santa), One to one (humans), one to many (class groups) Examples 1 & 3
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What do Aristotle and thomas Aquinas believe we are? |
Both form and Matter Potency and act |
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What is the problem with "what does the thinking"? |
it is the combination of matter and form For Thomas Aquinas its also possible for the soul to exist without the body : Its only the intellect that does the thinking |
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Why does Aquinas give two different answers |
Because for him the soul is immortality |
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What is Berkley's answer to "What are you now"? |
An immaterial conscious being. NO body or matter at all |
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Do you have a body? |
No. All we ever experience is sense-datum that is produced by things outside of us |
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Can we observe how other behave? |
No never |
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Berkeley's answer to Descartes calling color, sound, ideas, etc? |
An idea is not the same thing as a pain AN idea of a headache is not the same pain as an actua lheadache |
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How can we have an idea of a brain? |
William James and Descartes : The brain is simply a construct,a logical fiction, to describe the brain. If there is a physical world at all no one has ever experienced it |
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What did W. James suffer from? |
Depression |
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Why did William James suffer from depression? |
his belief in determinism |
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JAmes was freed from his depression by wht? |
James decided that we have free will |
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What is determinism? |
No leeway/ no chance in the universe. Every molecule has a set course that cannot change. |
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According to representationalism what are the things in our mind that make up our stream of consciousness? |
Sense- datum, images and memory |
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What is the big question about where our thoughts come from? |
WHERE DO THEY COME FROM |
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What are the three answers from where they come from? |
God ( Berkeley's answer) They just happen (Common sense) Its your brain (Plato) |
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Why should the existence of the soul be a big question for you? |
Because Descartes changed the question to "How do you know that you have a body?" |
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Is there such a thing as death |
Not if we are immortal souls |
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What is death? |
the end of the body |
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Why if we have never experienced a brain, do we think one exist? |
Matter and Form are principles and cannot exist on their own |
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Unity of consciousnesses is what holds us together. Heaven for Catholics consist of the Beatific Vision |
Aristotle |
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A concept for which ther is no corresponding reality Persons can exist because they can experience sense data ( color, sound,etc) We make the mistake of thinking these things as part of the physical world |
Logical Fiction |
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All we experience is directly in our mind The brain is not an actual thing. Its a fiction of popular speech. If there is a physical world all the only things that exist are minds and their stream of consciousness. What you have at most is indicidual neurons that are not competetly connected to each other. There are synapses/ gaps between them . |
William James: phenominalist
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Why is it hard for Bauer to convert faculty on basic principles? |
Because of the law of habit Emotions depend heavily on how we thing |
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those we can directly sense ( i.e. we can see, feel, hear, etc.) |
Physical |
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those we cant directly see (i.e. anything in general, a soul) |
Non- physical |
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Should we stop believing in a material world? |
No. the principle of causality; every effect has a separate and adequate cause |
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How do physicist today, explain Dark Energy? |
They noticed that matter has continued to expand across the universe even after the effects of the Big Bang should have slowed down. The universe is expanding faster and faster. Dark energy makes this expansion go faster and faster. |
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Has anyone every seen a star? |
No |
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You'll never experience your brain. What is the evidence for/ against a brain? |
James: if there is a physical world the brain is just millions of atoms and neurons firing |
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Why believe modern physics? |
Because the progress (assumptions) of modern science gives us stuff and tells us how the laws of nature work. |
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All science and philsophy takes its start in common sense view. 1. All humans speculation originates in a mind that at some stage took CS for granted |
Common sense principal |
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What was Helen kellers form of inner speech? |
tactile images and sensations |
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Two other components of language? |
Physical realities and images |
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What is an image ? |
Reproduction of sensation |
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What was Descartes example that we can only imagine images to a certain difficulty? |
We can picture a triangle but not a 999 sided shape |
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What are some examples of things we have never sensed? |
Moral goodness, justice , human rights,laws |
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What was the year psychology and philosophy sperated? |
1879 |
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Can there be imageless thoughts? |
Germans say yes, Americans say no |
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How can we study what goes on in owr minds? |
Introspection |
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What does inner speech consist of ? |
Memory images and sense data |
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What is the traditional name fir connections of thoughts and languages? |
Association
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What is a BLIT? |
short for Bilitri. 2 men and 2 women. Most ideas acquire through language |
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Where does Aristotle say you get raw insights from? |
Pre-existing knowledge |
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What do materialists say? |
What you can see/touch |
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What do idealist say? |
everything we see/feel in our mind which is not physical |
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What does aristotle say are the common objects of hearing? |
Sound |
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What does aristotle say are the common objects of sight? |
Shape size , location |
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What is the name for the other object? ( not hearing or sight) |
Incidental |
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What does david Meyers say philsophical psychologist study? |
They INFER mental processes, and OBSERVE behavior |
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if you completely know the DNA you know how something biological is being organized. You have to understand the brain and nerve impluses that connect eyes and ears to the brain. |
What materialist beleive |
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Waht are the materialists 3 different answers for consciousness? |
Radical Behaviorism, Brain Mind Identity, Epiphenominalism |
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If you know where every atom in the universe was in relation to every other one and the directions they were going in and you knew every law they obeyed you could predict the future of the universe for the rest of time |
Theory of determinism
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What are these? 1. Augmentation- size change 2. Locomotion - location change 3. Altercation - changing shape |
3 kinds of accidental changes |
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What are these? 1. Subject 2. INitial state 3. Final state |
3 concepts things you need to explain change
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What are three kinds of change? |
Accidental
Substantial Mixing and Unmixing |
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What are substances and accidents? |
substances can exist on their own and accident is the characteristic - shape or size of a rock tree |
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What does Aquinas say we are? |
One single substance made up of soul and matter (body). When er die and go to heaen we cant sense things (Hear,smell, etc) but can THINK. matter of potenct is not essential for the souls to exist |
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Why is it important to know if we have a soul? |
When you plan your future life you can know how much you are planning for |
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Epi-determinalists believe? |
you have no free will |
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What does Kant say is the number one thing we have to learn? |
Moral Law. Nothing makes sense unless we have free will (many people think free will was proven false through quantum theory.) |
