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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Syntax |
The structure of a language |
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Semantics |
The meaning of a language |
Ambiguities |
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Morphology |
Structure of words |
Birds (Bird + Plural). Establishment. |
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Phonetics |
Properties of Sounds |
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Phonology |
Patterns of sounds |
Pay bay Ebay. |
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Prescriptive |
What should be said or written |
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Descriptive |
Observation about what is said or written |
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Lexical Categories |
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, adverbs |
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Lexical |
relating to the words or vocabulary of a language. |
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Functional Categories |
Determiners, qualifiers, Auxiliaries, Conjunctions |
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Determiners |
The, a, these |
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Qualifiers |
Very, more, so |
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Auxiliaries |
Might, will, can, have |
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Conjunction |
And, or, but |
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Noun Phrases |
Determiner and Noun |
The dog |
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Verb Phrases |
Adverb Verb |
Quickly run |
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Adverb phrases |
Qualifier, adverb |
So happy |
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Prepositional phrase |
Qualifier, preposition |
Right into |
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Homophones |
Different words that share the same sounds |
Piece, peace |
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Homonyms |
Same spelling gives multiple meanings |
Bat, bat |
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Lexical Ambiguity |
Interpretation is not entirely clear because of a word's possible meaning |
I bought a pen for my dog |
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Structural Ambiguity |
Multiple possible sentence structures |
I killed the man with a toothbrush |
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Paraphrase |
Two sentences with the exact same meaning |
(A) Jeff ate the pie (B) the pie was eaten by Jeff |
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Entailment |
Sentence A asserts that sentence B is true |
1. I have a blue pen - I have a pen 2. He is short and cute - he is short |
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Contradiction |
Sentence A and sentence B cant both be true |
1. He is single 1. He is married |
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Grice's Maxims |
Connection between what is said and what is meant |
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Principle of cooperation |
Speak in a way that will benefit the conversation and will not confuse the listener. |
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Maxim of Quality |
Speak truthfully and never contribute false beliefs |
Violation: George failed the exam. He is very smart. |
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Maxim of Quantity |
Do not contribute more or less than required |
Violation: they have two dogs. Will they buy a third? They already have a third |
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Maxim of Relevance |
Be relevant |
Violation: A. How did he sing? B. He looked wonderful. |
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Maxim of manner |
Avoid ambiguity and obscurity. Be brief and orderly |
Violation: could you maybe please grab that thing in the garage for me if you have time? |
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Implicature |
Hidden meaning |
1. Did your gym close down? 2. Shes a very nice teacher |
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Presupposition |
Implicit assumptions in the sentence |
1. Do you regret killing him? 2. Have you quit smoking? |
