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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the physiology of the BG? |
Inputs signals to the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus. Outputs signals. |
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What are the components of the anatomy of the BG? |
Striatum, Subthalamic nucleus, Globus pallidus (internal), Substantia nigra pars reticulata, Globus pallidus (external), Substantia nigra pars comparta/ventral segmental |
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What are the two areas of the BG and their architecture? |
Internal architecture: Direct and indirect pathways Projection topographies Input/Output architecture: Inputs, Outputs, Cortical loops Sub-cortical loops |
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What is the function of the BG? |
Action selection Reinforcement learning BG are a fundamental processing unit! They are an essential component of all vertebrate brains. |
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What is evolutionary conservatism? |
Medina & Reiner (1995): BG in all vertebrates have very similar connections & neurotransmitters, suggesting that the evolution of BG in all amniates has been very conservative. BG are suitably connected & configured to serve as a specialised action-selection mechanism. |
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What is the implication of the evolutionary conservatism of the BG? What could offer important clues and why? |
IF BG have been conserved as much as we think, THEN problems BG initially evolved to solve are still as much problems for us today as they were for the early vertebrates. Subcortical systems could provide important clues, because all vertebrates have solutions to the problems of staying alive & reproduction. |
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Describe the modular architecture for multifunctional systems (including the brain!) |
Largely independent parallel processing units. Each with: - Specific functional objectives - Specialised sensory input - Specialised behavioural output |
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What is microarchitecture that is common across all functional territories? |
External inputs: Cerebral cortex Limbic system Brainstem via thalamus Internal inputs: Cognitive Affective Sensorimotor |
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What does stimulation of BG model demonstrate? |
Competent dynamic signal selection based on relative input saliences |
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What does the robot demonstrate about the BG? |
That action selection is a core aspect of BGs function |
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What is the fundamental architecture of BG? |
Cortically based loops (Limbic, Sensory, Associative, Motor) |
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Describe the loops in the BG. |
There are pre-cortical loops through BG. To date, available experimental evidence suggests that dopaminergic neurons will signal all that 'glisters' including 'gold'. This may diminish their capacity to report accurate reward prediction errors. |
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What is the distinction between cortical and sub-cortical loops? |
Cortical loops: Sensory input: loop round from Cerebral cortex, Striatum, Substantia Nigra/Globus Pallidus (internal): Motor output Sub-cortical loops: Sensory input: loop round from Sub-cortical structures, Thalamus, Striatum, Substantia Nigra/Globus Pallidus (internal): Motor output |
