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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vaccination |
Injecting dead or inactive pathogens. Also known as immunisation because the white blood cells are stimulated to produce specific antibodies and antitoxins. The antibodies will recognise a particular antigen This means that the body is protected if this disease does infect the person |
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Antibiotics |
Kill infected bacteria without damaging body cells Can’t be used to treat viral disease because viruses live inside of cells so trying to kill them will damage body cells Some antibiotics kill a wide range of bacteria or some are specific to a bacteria. |
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Painkillers |
Used to treat the symptoms of a disease but do not kill the pathogens. Often used to treat the symptoms of viral diseases |
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Problems with antibiotics |
Strains of bacteria have evolved that are resistant to some or all of the available antibiotics This means that antibiotics cannot be used against them. These are known as antibiotic-resistant / super bacteria. This is a matter of great concern |
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Penicillin |
Found from the mould Penicillium. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming He left a plate of bacteria out and when he got back the mould had eaten the bacteria |
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Digitalis / Digoxin |
Extracted from the foxglove plants Used to strengthen the heartbeat |
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Aspirin |
Prepared from a compound found in the bark of the willow tree |
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How are most drugs discovered? |
Most injected from plants or fungus |
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What are new drugs tested for? |
Efficiacy - How well they work? Toxicity - Are they dangerous? Dosage - How much should be used? |
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Preclinical Testing |
Carried out in laboratories on cells and tissues or organs. If it works on them then it is tested on animals |
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Clinical Testing |
Drugs tested on healthy volunteers who are paid to have the drugs inserted in them then assessed and watched |
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Placebo |
Used in clinical testing and it does not contain a drug. Some patients will have the drug others will have the placebo. This is to see whether the drug actually has an effect |
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Double blind trial |
When neither the patients or the doctors now who has the placebo and who has the drug. |
