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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why do we classify organisms
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to make them easier to study
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what are the 5 kingdoms
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prokaryotes, protacista, fungi, plants, animals
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features of prokaryotes
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no nucleus (loop of dna) unicellular
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features of protacista
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nucleus. unicellular
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features of fungi
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cell walls of chitin. modtly multicellular. no photosynthesis. reproduce by forming spores
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features of plants
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cell wall of cellulose. all multicellular. chloroplasts for photosynthesis
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features of animals
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conpact body shape. all multicellular. feed on other organisms. capable of movement and motion
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what is the natural classification system
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kingdom. phyla. class. order. family. genus. species
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what is the binomial naming system
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a system invented by carl linnaeus that classifies organisms by first their grnus then their specie
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what is the difference between natural and artificial classification
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artificial- based on observable features
natural- based on evolutionary relationships |
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what are the problems with classification
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1) variety of life is a continuous spectrum
2) changes in characteristics due to habitat 3) hybrids 4) asexual reproducers |
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specie
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members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring
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types of arthropods
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insects- 6 legs
arachnids- 8 legs crustacean - 10-14 legs myriapods - over 20 legs |
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how do plants change light energy into food
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sunlight water, minerals and co2 is absorbed and turned into glucose
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what types of pyramids are there
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biomass. energy. numbers
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what do you have to consider when constructing a pyramid
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trophic levels. wet/dry biomass. seasons
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why may energy be lost from a food chain
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respiration excretion and egestion indigestible components, movement
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carbon cycle
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process of carbon mpving from the living and non living world
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why dont peas and beans need fertilisers
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their nodules have rhizobium which uses nitrogen from the air
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what is eutrophication
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1) fertiliser gets into lake
2) rapid plant growth and nitrates used to make plant proteins 3) light is blocked for plants lower 3) plants die and are decomposed adding more nitrates to the water 4) this uses up the oxygen and everything dies |
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what do animals compete for
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food water space
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what do plants compete for
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light water minerals
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niche
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a particular role or place occupied by an organism within an ecological community
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inter/intra specific competition
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inter is between different species and intra is between the same
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mutualism/symbiotic
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both benefit
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parasite
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when an organism lives on a host and benefits causing the host harm
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commensal
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neither benefitted nor harmed
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what is the counter current heat exchange
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when penguins reduce heat losses by cooling blood towards the feet
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what are extremophiles- name 2
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organisms that can live in extreme conditions. bacteria in hot springs. fish with antifreeze proteins
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what are the key points of the theory of natural selection
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wide range of variation. good variations survive and reproduce
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what was lamarks theory
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that if a characteristic is uaed more often it becomes stronger
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why is lamarks theory wrong
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says simple organisms would dissappear. we now know u cannot change DNA
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what is rhe greenhouse effect caused by
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greenhouse gases co2 ch4
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what is ozone depletion caused by
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cfc's
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what is acid rain caused by
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sulphur dioxide is produced when fossil fuels are burnt and it reacts with rainwater making it acidic
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whta is a biological indicator
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organisms that indicate the presence of things in the atmosphere e.g. lichens and pollution (lichens cant grow wirh pollution)
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what can we use to indixate pollution in water
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clean -- mayfly larvae
dirty -- sludge worm |
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poorly adapted species run the risk of
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extinction
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whay factors can cause extinction
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hunting. changes in the environment. pollution. competition. climate change
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how can we conserve animal species
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education programmes. legal protection. captive breeding.
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how can we conserve plant species
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seed banks
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why are whales valuable
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food. oil as fuel.
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what are the legislations in place to protect whales
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international agreements captivity
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fishing quotas determine
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species, size, size of catch of fish
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what are the consequences of deforestation
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habitats destroyed. soil erosiom and flooding. more co2
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