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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how did they view mountains? |
-gave them a sense of security -sacred or holy site -through its height, people could be brought closer to the gods |
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what did the aztec pyramids symbolize and resemble? |
-built pyramids in the shape of mountains to be closer to the gods |
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why did the aztecs locate on a swampy island? |
-protects city from invasion -great farming |
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how were mountains both a help and hindrance to the aztecs? |
good: -protect the city from invasion -keep clouds out that would bring rain bad: -flash floods -no access to items from lower lands |
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why did the aztecs use lake texcoco? |
-after it evaporated they got salt |
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what is a chinampa? |
-plots of land built in water -very fertile and farmers boated through the corridors and stopped by the plots |
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tlaloc (tlah-izok) |
-god of rain -could unleash deadly floods |
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huitzilopochtli (whets-eel-oh-poch-thee) |
-main god, who they sacrificed to -god of war and travel |
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quetzalcoatl (ket-zal-coh-ahtl) |
-god of wind -made wind |
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tezcatlipoca (tez-cah-tlee-poh-isah) |
-name means night sky -most powerful god -internal struggle with huitzilopochtli |
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2 types of aztec calendars |
-solar-dedicated to huitzilopochtli, centre of calendar is god tonatiuh-tongue sticking out means he wants to be fed blood -sacred |
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the 5 eras, how was each of the eras had been or was to be destroyed? |
1.jaguars, was 2.hurricanes,was 3.fiery rain,was 4.flood,was 5.earthquakes,was to be |
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why did the aztecs believe it was necessary to give human blood to the gods? |
-killing another person for sacrifice was deeply religious and significant -blood nourished the gods and helped them from getting sick and dying -if gods werent fed victims blood, they believed the world would end |
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new fire ceremony |
-ceremony that took place every 52 years -people waited to see the sacred flame lit near tenochtitlan -the courier then carried flame from house to house to relight the fires |
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how did the aztecs expand their empire? |
-conquer their neighbours through empire building -form defensive alliances with their neighbours -form trading alliances with their neighbours-got tropical fruits and gold and silver |
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how did the aztecs profit through war? |
-began to collect tribute or valuable gifts and taxes from the conquered group -got cotton blankets, feathered headdresses, shields, strings of jade beads and cocoa beans-made a drink and currency |
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ocelot |
-a nocturnal wildcat that has a grayish or yellow coat with black spots |
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calpolli |
-units of organization in aztec society |
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artisians |
-a skilled craft worker -most respectful groups were mask makers, goldsmiths and feather workers |
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quetzal |
-brilliantly coloured bird in tropical rain forests of central/south america -feathers were used for fans, headdresses and tunics |
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glyphs |
-pictures or symbols used in writing |
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retributive justice |
-dealing with law-breakers by punishing them |
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restorative justice |
-dealing with a law-breaker by requiring an offender to repair the harm done |
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omens |
-a sign of something going to happen |
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telpochcalli |
-aztec school for commoners |
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conscription |
-mandatory military service |
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calmecac |
-the aztec school for nobles |
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social hierarchy from highest to lowest |
-emperor -nobles/priests -merchants/artisans/soldiers -women/farmers/fishers -slaves |
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who were taught by the spoken word without reading? |
-commoners |
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what number was the aztec system based on? |
10 |
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what were boys trained to be an what age did they become these? |
-warriors -age 15 |
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what were the most prestigious orders in the military? |
-eagle and jaguar |
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what were the lessons given in schools? |
-aztec history -religion -citizenship duties |
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the 3 roles of women |
-doctors and healers -midwives -priestesses |
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virtues of the ideal aztec citizen: -courage -self-sacrifice -modesty -clean living -obedience |
courage: -expected to show courage and deal with hardships without complaining, made the army strong self-sacrifice -group is more important than the individuals within it -every aztec citizen had to be willing to sacrifice possesions, comfort and even one's life for the good of the community modesty -no one could be boastful about personal achievements or anything else to stand out from the rest of the crowd clean living -had to keep themselves clean and avoid over consuming in food or drink -aztecs were punished harshly for what was considered evil behavior obedience -had to obey superiors without question -this helped preserve the social order |
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how were the aztecs right protected and how were they reminded of their responsibilities as citizens? |
-system of written laws -legal system reminded them of their responsibilities as citizens to be honest and obedient |
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how was a lesser crime treated? |
-fined or slavery |
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how was a serious crime treated? |
-often death |
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2 main classes |
-commoners and nobles -born into a class |
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the emperor title and privileges and responsibilities |
title -huey tlatoani (way tlah-toe-ah-nee) -means great speaker
privledges -treated like a god -obeyed him without question and gave him every possible privilege and luxury -lived in an enormous palace with a spectacular garden and a private zoo
responsibilities -chief priest -commander-in-chief -head of state
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responsibilities of the council of calpolli |
-elected captain and council -assigned land and houses to residents and collected taxes -keep the neighbourhood clean |
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3 services farmers provided tenochtitlan's population |
-grow crops to feed the population -hunted and fished -sold much of what they caught in the market to add to the family income |
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the tlateloco (tlah-teh-LOL-co) market |
when was it held? it was held daily where was the market held? tlateloco how many people visited the market? about 25,000 people per day what goods were on display at the market? fabric, clothing, weapons, pottery, jewellery and food |
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3 most common signs of status |
-clothing -jewellery -size and location of their house |
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greatest benefits of war and how many prisoners were held |
-got people to sacrifice and goods -4 |
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education how much was schooling who went to school 2 types of schools |
-free -everyone -calmecacs (nobles) and telpochalli (commoners) |
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who learned how to speak and write? |
-nobles |
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social hierarchy from highest to lowest |
-emperor -nobles/priests -merchants/artisans/soldiers -women/farmers/fishers -slaves |
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who were taught by the spoken word without reading? |
-commoners |
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what number was the aztec system based on? |
10 |
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what were boys trained to be an what age did they become these? |
-warriors -age 15 |
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what were the most prestigious orders in the military? |
-eagle and jaguar |
|
|
what were the lessons given in schools? |
-aztec history -religion -citizenship duties |
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the 3 roles of women |
-doctors and healers -midwives -priestesses |
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|
virtues of the ideal aztec citizen: -courage -self-sacrifice -modesty -clean living -obedience |
courage: -expected to show courage and deal with hardships without complaining, made the army strong self-sacrifice -group is more important than the individuals within it -every aztec citizen had to be willing to sacrifice possesions, comfort and even one's life for the good of the community modesty -no one could be boastful about personal achievements or anything else to stand out from the rest of the crowd clean living -had to keep themselves clean and avoid over consuming in food or drink -aztecs were punished harshly for what was considered evil behavior obedience -had to obey superiors without question -this helped preserve the social order |
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how were the aztecs right protected and how were they reminded of their responsibilities as citizens? |
-system of written laws -legal system reminded them of their responsibilities as citizens to be honest and obedient |
|
|
how was a lesser crime treated? |
-fined or slavery |
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how was a serious crime treated? |
-often death |
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what number was the aztec system based on? |
the number 20 |
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retributive justice pros and cons |
pros -right to punish you -deserve to be treated badly if others were treated badly by you -wont want to commit another crime because of harsh punishments cons -very violent |
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restorative justice pros and cons |
pros -repair harm you've done -process of repairing the harm -see how the crime affects others, won't want to commit another crime again cons -don't get punished so you are more likely to do it again |
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the emperor title and privileges and responsibilities |
title -huey tlatoani (way tlah-toe-ah-nee) -means great speaker
privledges -treated like a god -obeyed him without question and gave him every possible privilege and luxury -lived in an enormous palace with a spectacular garden and a private zoo
responsibilities -chief priest -commander-in-chief -head of state
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responsibilities of the council of calpolli |
-elected captain and council -assigned land and houses to residents and collected taxes -keep the neighbourhood clean |
|
|
3 services farmers provided tenochtitlan's population |
-grow crops to feed the population -hunted and fished -sold much of what they caught in the market to add to the family income |
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the tlateloco (tlah-teh-LOL-co) market |
when was it held? it was held daily where was the market held? tlateloco how many people visited the market? about 25,000 people per day what goods were on display at the market? fabric, clothing, weapons, pottery, jewellery and food |
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3 most common signs of status |
-clothing -jewellery -size and location of their house |
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greatest benefits of war and how many prisoners were held |
-got people to sacrifice and goods -4 |
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education how much was schooling who went to school 2 types of schools |
-free -everyone -calmecacs (nobles) and telpochalli (commoners) |
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who learned how to speak and write? |
-nobles |
