Axial Skeleton

Front 1

Axial skeleton

Back 1

80 bones, skull, vertebra, bony thorax (rib cage & sternum)

Front 2

Skull

Back 2

22bones, cranium bones + facial bones
Most are flat bones, bones are interlocked by sutures

Front 3

Cranium

Back 3

8 bones, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid

Front 4

Parietal

Back 4

Occipital is joined by lambdoidal
Temporal joined by squamous

Front 5

Temporal

Back 5

External auditory meatus- ear canal
Styloid process- projection attachment point tendons/ligaments
Zygomatic process- thin bridge that joins with zygomatic bone
Mastoid process
Jugular foramen (vein hole)

Front 6

Zygomatic process

Back 6

Thin bridge that joins

Front 7

Diaphasis

Back 7

Refers to the shaft of a long bone

Front 8

Epiphysis

Back 8

Ends of the bone

Front 9

Growth plate

Back 9

Area where long bone grows

Front 10

Haversian System

Back 10

Main unit that makes up compact bone

Front 11

Hematopoeisis

Back 11

Another term for red blood cell formation

Front 12

Simple fracture

Back 12

Type of fracture that involves one clean break, no skin penetration

Front 13

Compound fracture

Back 13

Type of fracture that penetrates the skin

Front 14

Spiral fracture

Back 14

Type of fracture where the bone is twisted

Front 15

Greenstick fracture

Back 15

Incomplete fracture that is common in children

Front 16

Lacunae

Back 16

Cavities that contain osteocytes
Appear as thin growth rings

Front 17

Lamellae

Back 17

Area of bone matrix (collagen)
Appear as thicker rings

Front 18

Sutures

Back 18

Bone markings where the flat bones of the skull meet

Front 19

Sagittal suture

Back 19

Where the parietal bones meet

Front 20

Coronal suture

Back 20

Where parietal bone & frontal bone meet

Front 21

Squamous suture

Back 21

Where the temporal & parietal bones meet

Front 22

Lambdoidal suture

Back 22

Where the parietal & occipital bone meet

Front 23

Mandible

Back 23

Lower jaw

Front 24

Maxilla

Back 24

Upper jaw

Front 25

Sphenoid bone

Back 25

The butterfly-like bone that can be viewed on a superior view of the skull

Front 26

Turks saddle

Back 26

The bone marking found on the sphenoid bone that holds the pituitary gland

Front 27

Ethmoid bone

Back 27

Can be viewed in a superior view of the skull and allows olfactory receptors to pass through

Front 28

Zygomatic bone

Back 28

Cheekbone

Front 29

Zygomatic proces

Back 29

The bridge of the cheek

Front 30

External occipital protuberance

Back 30

Bump on the back of the head

Front 31

Occipital condyles

Back 31

Sit on 1st vertebrae & allow you to rock your head back & forth

Front 32

Styloid process

Back 32

Needle like process, small that neck muscles attach to on the skull

Front 33

Three processes that can be viewed on an inferior view of the skull

Back 33

Stupid process, protuberance process (occipital condyles), mastoid process

Front 34

TMJ "temporo mandibular joint"

Back 34

Point where mandible meets the temporal bone

Front 35

Palatine bone

Back 35

Located behind the maxilla (hard plate)

Front 36

Cleft palate

Back 36

If palatine & maxilla don't fuse together

Front 37

Vomer

Back 37

Separates the nasal cavity into right & left sides

Front 38

Lacrimal bone

Back 38

Contains fossa or holes for the tear ducts

Front 39

Sinuses

Back 39

Cavities in bones that lighten the skull and resonate the voice

Front 40

4 sinuses

Back 40

Ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, sphenoid

Front 41

Hyoid bone

Back 41

Only bone that does not articulate with other bones

Front 42

2 unpaired bones

Back 42

Vomer & mandible

Front 43

Odontoid process

Back 43

Let's you rock your head side to side

Front 44

5 vertebral areas & number of bones in them

Back 44

1: cervical- 7
2: thoracic- 12
3: lumbar- 5
4: sacrum- 1
5: coccyx- 1

Front 45

Invertebral disks

Back 45

Located between the vertebrae

Front 46

4 vertebral curvatures

Back 46

Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral

Front 47

Scoliosis

Back 47

An abnormal lateral curve

Front 48

Kyphosis

Back 48

Abnormal thoracic curve (hunchback)

Front 49

Lordosis

Back 49

Abnormal lumbar curve

Front 50

Cervical

Back 50

There are 7 cervical vertebrae, each have 3 foramen (hole)
C1 is atlas
C2 is axis

Front 51

Thoracic

Back 51

1 foramen & round foramen

Front 52

Lumbar

Back 52

1 foramen that is triangular shape

Front 53

Sacrum

Back 53

Found below lumbar vertebrae & forms the posterior wall of pelvis

Front 54

Coccyx

Back 54

Tailbone

Front 55

Three parts of the sternum superior (top) to inferior (bottom)

Back 55

Manubrium, body, xyphoid process

Front 56

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 56

12 pairs of ribs & each articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

Front 57

True ribs

Back 57

First 7 pairs of ribs
Attach directly to sternum

Front 58

False ribs

Back 58

Last 5 pairs of ribs
Attach indirectly to sternum or not at all

Front 59

Floating ribs

Back 59

Of the last 5 false ribs 2 pairs are floating ribs they do not attach to the sternum

Front 60

Foramen or fossa

Back 60

A hole in a bone

Front 61

Process

Back 61

A bone projection

Front 62

Suture

Back 62

Marking where bone plates meet

Front 63

Olfactory

Back 63

Smell

Front 64

Lacrimal

Back 64

Tears referring to crying

Front 65

Compact bone

Back 65

External layer

Front 66

Spongy bone

Back 66

Internal layer

Front 67

Long bones

Back 67

Longer than wider; includes shaft plus 2 ends & mostly compact bone location all limb bones but patella wrist ankle

Front 68

Short bones

Back 68

Cube like bones mostly spongy; compact bone on surface location wrist & ankle

Front 69

Sesamoid bone

Back 69

Bone embedded in a tendon ex patella

Front 70

Flat bones

Back 70

Thin flat usually curved 2 parallel surfaces with spongy bone in-between location sternum ribs skull hip

Front 71

Irregular bones

Back 71

Do not fit in other bone classes location vertebra, hip; mostly spongy

Front 72

Cannaliculi

Back 72

Tiny canals that radiate out of central canal nourish the osteocytes