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37 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Acetylcholine |
Neural transmitter responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses to effector cells in the parasympathetic nervous system |
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Adrenergic agonist |
Drugs that stimulating mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Also called sympathomimetics. |
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Adrenergic |
Sympathetic |
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Alpha adrenergic receptor |
A class of adrenergic receptors that are further subdivided into alpha one and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors |
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Agonist |
Drugs were specific receptor affinity that mimic the body’s natural chemicals like hormones and neurotransmitters (stimulators) |
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Antagonist |
Drugs that bind to specific receptors and inhibit or block the response of receptors (blockers) |
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Autonomic |
Unconscious or involuntary. Autonomic nervous system does things like breathing or controlling heart rate without you having to think |
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Beta adrenergic receptor |
Receptors located on postsynaptic cells that are stimulated by specific autonomic nerve fibers. Beta one adrenergic receptors are located primarily in the heart where is beta-2 adrenergic receptors are located in the smooth muscle fibers of bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs |
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Cholinergic agonist |
Drugs that mimic the effects of acetyl choline and can stimulate cholinergic receptors, either directly or indirectly, also called parasympathomimetic |
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Cholinergic antagonist |
Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine and substances similar to acetylcholine at receptor sites in the synapse |
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Cholinergic |
Parasympathetic |
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Chronotropic |
Modifies the heart rate (positive affect increases heart rate, negative affect decreases heart rate) |
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Dromotropic |
Affects the speed of conduction of cardiac electrical nerve impulses through the atrioventricular node (positive affect increases speed while negative affect decreases speed) |
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Inotropic |
Modifies the force or speed of contraction of muscles (increase as a positive inotropic effect, decrease is a negative inotropic effect) |
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Muscarinic receptors |
Cholinergic receptors located post synaptically in the effector organs, such a smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, and glands supplied by parasympathetic nerve fibers |
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Nicotinic receptors |
Cholinergic receptors located in the ganglia (where presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve fibers meet) of both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system; so named because they can be stimulated by the alkaloid nicotine |
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Parasympatholytic |
Drugs that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, also called anticholinergic’s |
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Sympathomimetic |
Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic nervous system, also referred to as cholinergic agonist drugs |
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Vasoconstrict |
The narrowing or constriction of blood vessels by small muscles and their walls, increases blood pressure |
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Vasodilate |
The widening of blood vessels, usually near the surface of the skin, which leads to increase blood flow and decreased blood pressure |
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Differences between alpha one and alpha-2 receptors |
They are differentiated by their location relative to the nerves, alpha one receptors are located on postsynaptic effector cells (the tissue, muscle, or organ that the nerve stimulates) while alpha-2 receptors are located on presynaptic nerve terminals |
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Differences between Beta one and beta-2 receptors |
All located on postsynaptic effector cells. Beta-1 receptors are primarily located in the heart, while beta-2 receptors are found in a smooth muscle fibers of the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs |
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Atropine drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Cholinergic antagonist Increase HR Mydriasis, cycloplegia, amblyopia |
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Norepinephrine drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Alpha adrenergic agonist Peripheral vasoconstrictor, inotropic stimulator of heart, dilated coronary arteries Vasodilatory shock (septic/neurogenic shock), critical hypotension |
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Phenylephrine drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Alpha adrenergic agonist Mediates vasoconstriction and mydriasis Hypotension caused by shock/anesthesia |
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Tamsulosin and phentolamine drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Alpha adrenergic receptor agonist Blocks alpha 1 receptors T - benign prostatic hyperplasia P - hypertensive episodes, alpha adrenergic drug extravasation |
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Metoprolol drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Selective beta blocker Blocks beta 1 receptors in the heart Hypertension, early/later MI |
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Propranolol drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Non selective beta blocker Non selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist Angina, hypertension, dysrhythmias, post MI, migraine |
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3 autonomic nervous system functions |
Regulate the heart Regulate secretory glands Regulate smooth muscle |
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3 sympathetic nervous system functions |
Regulates cardiovascular system Regulates body temperature Fight or flight reaction |
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7 parasympathetic nervous system functions |
Slowing of heart rate Increase gastric secretions Emptying of bladder Emptying of Bowel Focus eye for near vision Constrict pupil Contract bronchial smooth muscle |
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Parasympathetic nervous system effects on the body |
Pupils constrict, tears flow, salivary glands secrete a watery fluid, trachea constrict/secretions increase, heart rate slows/contractility decreases, coronary arteries constrict, GI glands produce more secretions, GI motility increases, lower colon contracts, ureters/bladder contract, penile erection in men |
Constriction, increase in secretions/motility, HR slows, erection |
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Sympathetic nervous system effects on the body |
Pupils dilate, salivary glands secrete thick viscous fluid, HR rises/contractility increases, coronary arteries dilate, trachea/bronchioles dilate, blood vessels in skin/mucous membranes constrict, sweat produced, GI motility/tone decrease, sphincters contract, uterus/bladder relax, ejaculation in men |
Dilation (except blood vessels in skin/mucous membranes), HR rises, motility decrease/relaxation |
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SLUDGES reactions |
Effects of Cholinergic poisoning S - salivation L - lacrimation U - urinary incontinence D - diarrhea G - GI cramps E - emesis S - shock |
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What happens when PNS is stimulated (SSLUDD) |
S - slows heart rate S - salivation L - lacrimation U - urination D - digestion D - defecation |
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Epinephrine drug class, mechanism of action, indications |
Non selective adrenergic agonist Stimulates beta and alpha receptors Anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest |
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Bethanechol and pyridostigmine drug class, mechanism of action, and indications |
Cholinergic agonist Stimulates PSNS by binding to postganglionic muscarinic receptors B - postoperative/postpartum non obstructive urinary retention P - myasthenia gravis, neuromuscular blocker toxicity |
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