Auer Ch 97 Tarsus

Front 1

Back 1

Front 2

Back 2

Front 3

Back 3

gastrocnemius rupture

Front 4

Back 4

fixation of bovine gastrocnemius rupture with TPC, 2 pins in distal radius, 2 pins in proximal MT3

Front 5

Back 5

gastrocnemius rupture

Front 6

Back 6

Front 7

Back 7

Front 8

Back 8

proximal intertarsal luxation

Front 9

Origin and insertion of long collateral ligaments of tarsus:

Back 9

originate on distal tibia, insert on proximal metatarsus with some attachments to the talus and small tarsal bones

Front 10

Origin and insertion of short collateral ligaments of tarsus:

Back 10

originate on medial or lateral malleolus cranial to origin of long, insert on talus and calcaneus

Front 11

Joints of tarsus:

Back 11

tarsocural, proximal intertarsal, distal intertarsal, tarsometatarsal, talocalcaneal

Front 12

Facets of talocalcaneal joint:

Back 12

medial aspect of calcaneus and talus; angulated coracoid facet at lateral aspect of calcaneus and talus; lateral aspect of calcaneus facing medially and medial aspect of talus facing laterally

Front 13

Origin of fibularis (peroneal) tertius:

Back 13

muscular (extensor) fossa of distal lateral femur

Front 14

What forms the DDFT near tarsus?

Back 14

Tibialis caudalis and lateral digital flexor pass over medial talus in tarsal sheath, distally the medial digital flexor tendon contributes but passes over the tarsal more dorsally than the other portions in its own sheath

Front 15

Function of tarsus:

Back 15

transform axial load during weight bearing from cranioproximal to caudodistal forces to vertical and distal forces

Front 16

3 forms of tarsal OA:

Back 16

distal tarsal joint, talocalcaneal, tarsocural

Front 17

describe cunean tenectomy:

Back 17

4 cm vertical incision over tendon approximately 5 cm dorsal to chestnut, 4 cm section of tendon is removed with scalpel blade

Front 18

treatment of talocalcaneal OA:

Back 18

arthrodesis of joint

Front 19

examples of distal tibial fractures:

Back 19

medial and lateral malleolar fractures

Front 20

treatment of medial malleolar fracture:

Back 20

arthroscopic removal, larger than 3cm fixed with 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 cortex screw or cancellous screw in lag

Front 21

Treatment of lateral malleolar fracture:

Back 21

arthrotomy over fragment or arthroscopic guidance with portals in dorsolateral and plantarolateral TC joint, larger than 3c, fixed with 3.5 cortex screw in lag

Front 22

Most common locations for trochlear ridge fracture:

Back 22

distal lateral and proximal medial

Front 23

Treatment of trochlear ridge fractures:

Back 23

arthroscopic removal of small fragments, large fragments fixed with multiple 3.5 cortex screws in lag, PDS pins, or cannulated screws through arthroscopy guidance or arthrotomy

Front 24

Visualization with caudolateral TC arthroscopic approach:

Back 24

most proximal aspect of talocalcaneal articulation, proximocaudal aspect of lateral trochlear ridge, caudal aspect of DIRT, medial trochlear ridge

Front 25

Treatment of talus body fractures:

Back 25

3.5 cortex screws in lag approached over fragment

Front 26

Post-op care for trochlear ridge fracture:

Back 26

rest 8-10 weeks after arthroscopic removal, 6-8 months with internal fixation

Front 27

Treatment of sagittal fractures of the talus:

Back 27

2-3 4.5-5.5 cortex screws in lag using arthroscopic visualization of joint surface

Front 28

Radiographic view for calcaneal and sustentaculum tali fractures:

Back 28

calcaneal skyline

Front 29

Treatment of calcaneal fracture:

Back 29

small fragments are left or removed by direct approach, large fragments repaired with lag screws, transverse fractures fixed with plate application to plantarolateral aspect of calcaneus

Front 30

Prognosis for calcaneal fracture:

Back 30

poor if involve buras or severe soft tissue disruption

Front 31

Treatment for sustentaculum fracture:

Back 31

removal through tenoscopic approach from tarsal sheath or direct approach, if involves significant portion of flexor surface repair with lag screws

Front 32

Treatment of fractures of central and 3rd tarsal bone fracture:

Back 32

prolong stall rest with non-displaced or minimally displaced, 1-2 3.5 or 4.5 cortex screws in lag placed through stab incisions

Front 33

Post-op care for central and 3rd tarsal bone fractures:

Back 33

4-6 months rest

Front 34

Where do tarsal luxations occur?

Back 34

Mostly at TMT or PIT joint

Front 35

Treatment of tarsal luxation:

Back 35

with fracture: open reduction and internal fixation (distal tarsal joint arthrodesis, arthrodesis of TMT/DIT/PIT; without fracture: full limb cast for 3 months

Front 36

Types of SDFT luxation:

Back 36

lateral displacement with disruption of medial retinaculum, medial displacement with lateral disruption, splitting of the SDFT with portion on either side of calcaneus

Front 37

Treatment of SDFT luxation:

Back 37

partial or intermittent stall rest can be tried but not good prognosis for return to activity; surgical repair with apposition of ruptured ends and mesh over the repair or if minimal retinaculum available anchor or suture screws are placed

Front 38

Post-op care for SDFT luxation repair:

Back 38

full limb cast for recovery, rest for 4-6 months

Front 39

Cause of DDFT displacement:

Back 39

congenital anomaly where DDFT is axial to normal position because of hypoplasia of the sustentaculum tali

Front 40

Location of gastrocnemius rupture:

Back 40

origin of muscle on distal and caudal femur

Front 41

Treatment of gastrocnemius rupture:

Back 41

full limb Robert jones +/- splint, or tube cast for 3 weeks followed by Robert jones for 3-5 weeks

Front 42

Complications of gastrocnemius rupture:

Back 42

complications relates to long term cast and bandage application

Front 43

Locations of OCD in tarsus:

Back 43

DIRT (1st), lateral trochlear ridge (2nd), medial malleolus (3rd), medial trochlear ridge (4th), lateral malleolus

Front 44

Location of SCL in tarsus:

Back 44

distal tibia, talus

Front 45

Arthroscope portal for DIRT:

Back 45

dorsal aspect of dorsomedial pouch, too medial can not pass over trochlear ridge, too proximal or too distal makes visualization more difficult

Front 46

Arthroscope portal for MM OCD:

Back 46

dorsomedial but more distal than for DIRT to avoid coming out of joint during visualization

Front 47

Arthroscope portal for LTR OCD:

Back 47

Dorsolateral portal has better visualization but dorsomedial approach preferred because better triangulation and better exploration of whole joint

Front 48

Location of gastrocnemious injury in ruminants:

Back 48

muscle attachment on femur, musculotendinous junction, tendon of insertion of calcaneus

Front 49

Treatment of gastrocnemius rupture in ruminants:

Back 49

cast or TPC with 2 pins in distal tibia and 2 pins in proximal MT3; maintained for 6-12 weeks with cast change in calves every 3 weeks and cast change in adults every 6 weeks; small ruminants a 6.5 cancellous or 7-7.3 cannulated screw is placed to fix the calcaneus to the distal tibia to lock it in extension then cast is placed

Front 50

When is direct repair of gastrocnemius rupture indicated?

Back 50

Only weight <350kg and with tendon lacerations

Front 51

Treatment of PIT luxation in cattle:

Back 51

closed reduction by traction applied distally and slightly caudally, stall rest for 6 weeks

Front 52

Complication of closed reduction of ruminant PIT luxation?

Back 52

Small fracture of the proximal dorsal tip of the calcaneus