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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Managerial Conflicts
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Frequent significant clashes, fights and sharp disagreements between the administrators of an enterprise that distorts its operations and detracts the achievement of its goals.
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Two Major Types of Managerial Conflicts
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1. Conflicts of Interest
2. Personality Conflicts |
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Major Symptons of Managerial Conflicts
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Clashes and fights
Poor operating results Opposition to good ideas High rate of absenteeism High turnover Litigations Inability to achieve goals Poor quality of work life (QWL) Delays in decision making Lagging productivity & persisting losses |
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Major Causes of Managerial Conflicts
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Limited financial resources
Inefficient organization structure Inefficient operating policies and practices Poor operating systems Conflicts of interest Personality conflicts Poor communication Poor training Managerial incompetence Unethical practices |
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Major Solutions of Managerial Conflicts
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Change the organization structure, policies and operating systems of an enterprise.
Improve interpersonal relationships Avoid the causes of them Cope with them Form committees to deal with them Conduct management meetings Provide adequate managerial training Terminate sources of conflicts Prompt corrective courses of action Use force whenever required |
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Steps to audit management conflicts (4)
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1 – Look for symptoms of conflicts
2 – Identify the major causes in an ent. 3 – Survey the standards of conflict mgmt that the ent has 4 – report findings to concerned |
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Goals of financial operations (10)
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Match revs and exps
Maintain good credit score Proper pricing of products Max profit and operational efficiency Achievement of general management goals Compliance with govt rules and regs Exercise internal controls Financial troubleshooting Meet goals Reporting |
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Importance of financial controls (7)
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Safeguard the financials resources
Wise-guide mgmt decisions Ensure successful performance, existence, and expansion Protect financial interests Strengthen the national economy Endow social security and welfare Provide political influence and stability |
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Areas of auditing financial operations
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Org structure
Controls Budgeting Financing Cash Credit Billing Collecting Disbursement Tax Insurance f/s acct records source documents communication skills |
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Functions of EDP / MIS (many)
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Administer the EDP department
Formulate plans, policies, and procedures Select hardware Select software Prepare computer programs Staffing Training Set operational procedures Record input data Data processing Print output data Data storage Error detection and collection Controlling edp activities reporting |
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Goals of EDP / MIS (2)
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Increase the operating efficiency
Wise-guide management decisions |
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Importance of EDP / MIS (2)
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Successful achievement of enterprises GOALS.
Increasing the PROFITABILITY rate |
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Common misconcepts of computers (5)
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More computers leads to FEWER JOBS
Computers get work done FASTER Computers make ERRORS Computers ELIMINATE or reduce FRAUD Computers provide ACCURATE and reliable information |
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Major EDP problems (5)
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Inefficient programming
Inadequate scheduling Idle capacity (computers not used) High operating costs (old computers) Vulnerability to fraud |
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Functions of Int’l Operations
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Exporting
Importing Manufacturing |
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Types of Enterprises involved in Int’l Operations (2)
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Int’l Corporations (IC’s)
Multi-National Corporations (MNC’s) |
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Types of Int’l Operations (5)
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Licensing Agmts
Mgmt Contracts Branches Partnerships Representations |
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Factors affecting Int’l Operations (9)
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Culture
Cultural communications Cultural changes Social changes Demographics Product acceptance Currency exchange rates Economic situation Political situation |
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Define Culture
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Cultural characteristics of specific people in a given period of time or civilization
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Characteristics of Culture (10)
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Religion
Language Belief Customs Habits Laws Moral values Capabilities Morals Arts |
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Cross cultural variations in non-verbal communications
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Time
Friendship Things Etiquette Space Agreements Symbols |
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Define subculture
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A segment of a culture that shares distinguished patterns of behavior
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Characteristics of subculture
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Members of the sub are part of the whole
Most of the sub behaviors coincide with the whole Subculture is based on Age, Race, Religion, Nationality, etc. A subculture has the same nature and impact of a culture. |
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Main factors leading to changes in cultural values
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Technological Changes
Conflicts between existing cultural values (eating, religious) Exposure to other cultural values (reading, watching, internet) Dramatic events (earthquakes) |
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Name five areas where International Operations have a drastic impact.
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Mgmt decision making
Consumer behavior Sales volume Earning capabilities Degree of business success or failure |
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Define Cross-cultural Behavior Marketing Strategy
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A consumer driven marketing strategy that aims to diversify the production and marketing activities of an enterprise as to accommodate the perception and requirements of different cultures in order to achieve its competition goals.
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Implementation Requirement for Cross-cultural Behavior Marketing Strategy
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Requires flexibility in diversifying product specifications and marketing efforts as to accommodate the impact of cross cultural variations in order to achieve its competition goals.
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Examples Cross-cultural Behavior Marketing Strategy (2)
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Barbie
AMEX (Charge cards, not credit cards) |
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Define demographics
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Different types of statistics implying a wide variety of information describing the population of a specific nation. Quantitative and qualitative description.
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Classifications of major types if demographics (4)
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Population Size
Population Age Structure Population Geographic Distribution Population Main Characteristics |
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Four steps to auditing International Operations
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1 Determine the nature, scope, and major types of int’l operations
2 Verify the compliance of the international operations with the requirements of all major factors that affect its performance. 3 Survey and evaluate the productivity and profitability of the Int’l Oper. 4 Report on recommendations to concerned parties. |
