Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Front 1

What is an atom?

Back 1

Smallest part of an element.

Front 2

What is an element?

Back 2

A substance of only one type of atom.

Front 3

Approximately how many elements are there?

Back 3

100

Front 4

What is a compound?

Back 4

Two or more elements combined chemically.

Front 5

What is a mixture?

Back 5

Substance consisting of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

Front 6

Which five methods can be used to separate mixtures?

Back 6

Filtration

Crystalisation

Simple distillation

Fractional Distillation

Chromatography

Front 7

What does simple distillation separate?

Back 7

Separates liquid from a solution.

Front 8

Explain simple distillation:

Back 8

It's when liquid boils, evaporates and condenses in the condenser. The temperature used should be the boiling point of the pure liquid.

Front 9

What does crystallization separate?

Back 9

Separates a dissolved solid from a solvent.

E.g. salt from water.

Front 10

Explain crystalisation:

Back 10

The solution is heated (evaporated), leaving the solid behind. The solid then starts to crystallize.

Front 11

What does fractional distillation separate?

Back 11

Separates a mixture of liquids.

Front 12

Explain fractional distillation:

Back 12

With the liquids having different boiling points within the mixture, a fractionating column (With it hot at the bottom and cold at the top) is used to vaporize and condense the mixture at the different heights of the column.

Front 13

What does filtration separate?

Back 13

Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid. E.g. sand from water.

Front 14

Explain filtration:

Back 14

Filter paper is used to 'catch' the insoluble solid because the particles are too big to fit through the holes in the paper. The filtrate comes through the filter paper.

Front 15

What does chromatography separate?

Back 15

Separates a mixture of substances dissolved in a solvent.

Front 16

Explain chromatography:

Back 16

Spot of mixtures on the bottom of a piece of paper slightly dipped in a liquid, like water would rise - separating the mixture.

Front 17

What's the plum-pudding model?

Back 17

A ball of positive charge with embedded negative electrons.

Front 18

What's Bohr's nuclear model?

Back 18

Model suggests that the electrons orbit the nucleus on shells. This was found because of the alpha scattering experiment.

Front 19

What did James Chadwick discover?

Back 19

The neutrons in the nucleus.

Front 20

What is the structure of an atom?

Back 20

Consists of a central nucleus made up of protons and neutrons with electrons around it on shells.

Front 21

Relative mass of a proton:

Back 21

1

Front 22

Relative charge of a proton:

Back 22

1

Front 23

Relative mass of a neutron:

Back 23

1

Front 24

Relative charge of a neutron:

Back 24

0

Front 25

Relative mass of an electron:

Back 25

Very small

Front 26

Relative charge of an electron:

Back 26

-1

Front 27

What is the radius of an atom?

Back 27

0.1nm

Front 28

What is the Atomic number?

Back 28

The number of protons in the nucleus which is also the same as the electrons.

Front 29

What is the mass number?

Back 29

The total number of protons and neutrons.

Front 30

What is an isotope?

Back 30

The same element but with a different number of neutrons.

Front 31

Electronic configuration of He:

Back 31

2

Front 32

Electronic configuration of Be:

Back 32

2, 2

Front 33

Electronic configuration of Ca:

Back 33

2, 8, 8, 2

Front 34

What are ions?

Back 34

Particles which are charged following a loss or gain of electrons.

Front 35

Metals have a high / low boiling point.

Back 35

High

Front 36

Can metals conduct heat and electricity?

Back 36

Yes

Front 37

Metals appear to be be shiny? Or dull?

Back 37

Shiny

Front 38

Are metals low in density?

Back 38

No.

Front 39

Non-Metals have a high / low boiling point.

Back 39

Low

Front 40

Non-metals appear to look shiny? Or dull?

Back 40

Dull.

Front 41

Which elements are malleable? Metals or non-metals?

Back 41

Metals.

Front 42

When a metal reacts with a non-metal, what is formed?

Back 42

An ionic compound.

Front 43

When a non-metal reacts with a non-metal, what is formed?

Back 43

A molecular compound - covalent bonds

Front 44

What does 'miscible' mean?

Back 44

Substances that mix together.

Front 45

What are the columns on the Periodic table called?

Back 45

Groups

Front 46

What are the rows on the Periodic table called?

Back 46

Periods

Front 47

Why would elements be in the same groups?

Back 47

They have the same number of electrons on the outer shell.

Front 48

What are the elements in Group 0 known as?

Back 48

The noble gases.

Front 49

As you move down a group what change is seen?

Back 49

The number of shells increase.

Front 50

Group 1 elements are known as?

Back 50

The alkali metals.

Front 51

Alkali metals have how many electrons in their outer shell?

Back 51

1

Front 52

Why are alkali metals stored in a coat of oil?

Back 52

To prevent reactions with oxygen or water.

Front 53

Describe an alkali metals reaction with non-metals.

Back 53

An ionic compound is formed - soluble white solids.

Front 54

Describe a group 1's reaction with water.

Back 54

Hydrogen is released and hydroxide are formed which dissolve to form alkaline solutions.

The reaction is vigorous and the water fizzes.

Front 55

What happens to the reactivity when moving down group 1?

Back 55

Reactivity increases as the atoms get larger.

Front 56

What is a catalyst?

Back 56

A chemical substance used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

Front 57

What's the colour of the flame when lithium burns in oxygen?

Back 57

Crimson-res

Front 58

What's the colour of the flame when sodium burns in oxygen?

Back 58

Yellow-orange.

Front 59

What's the colour of the flame when potassium burns in oxygen?

Back 59

Lilac