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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Calcium |
8.5-10.2 |
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Normal Chloride |
96-106 |
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Normal Magnesium |
1.7-2.2 |
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Normal Phosphorus |
2.4-4.1 |
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Normal Potassium |
3.5-5.1 |
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Normal Sodium |
135-145 |
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Normal RBC Males & Females |
Male= 4.7-6.1 Female= 4.2-5.4 |
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Normal WBC |
4.5-11 |
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Normal Platelets |
150-400 |
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Normal Hemoglobin Males & Females |
Males= 13.8-17.2 Females= 12.1-15.1 |
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Normal Hematocrit Males & Females |
Males= 40.7-50.3% Females= 36.1-44.3% |
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Normal INR Ideal INR for Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy |
Normal INR= 0.8-1.1 Warfarn Ideal range= 2-3 |
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Normal pH |
7.35-7.45 |
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Normal pCO2 |
35-45 |
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Normal HCO3- |
22-26 |
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Normal pO2 |
75-100 <60 give supplemental oxygen <26; imminent death near, oxygenate STAT |
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Normal Glucose |
70-99 |
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Normal Spec Gravitiy |
1.003-1.030 |
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Normal BUN |
7-20 |
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Normal Serum Creatinine |
0.6-1.2 |
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Normal LDH |
105-333 |
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Normal CPK |
10-120 |
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Normal Uric Acid |
3.5-7.2 |
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Normal Triglyceride |
<150 |
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Normal Total Cholesterol |
180-200 |
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Normal Total Bili Normal Direct (Conjugated) Bili |
Total bili= 0.3-1.9 Direct (Conjugated) bili= 0-0.3 |
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Normal Protein |
6-8.3 |
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Normal Albumin |
3.4-5.4 |
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Which vitamins are fat soluble? |
A D E K |
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Which vitamins are water soluble? |
B, C |
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Function of Vitamin A: Retinol |
Vision adaptation, night vision, normal bone and tooth formation |
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Food sources of Vitamin A: Retinol |
Liver, whole milk, egg yolk, yellow/green vegetables |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin A: Retinol |
Too much Vitamin A will result in yellow skin. Children with reduced fat absorption (CF, hepatitis, etc.) will have deficiency because they cannot absorb Vitamin A |
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Function of Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol |
Promotes normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus |
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Food sources of Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol |
Fish, direct sunlight, enriched foods (milk products, cereals) |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin D: Cholecalciferol |
All infants need 400 IU supplement every day. Expose infants to short periods of mild sunlight |
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Function of Vitamin E: Tocopherol |
Production of normal RBC's, antioxidant |
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Food sources of Vitamin E: Tocopherol |
Milk, meat, egg yolks, whole grains, legumes, spinach, broccoli |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin E: Tocopherol |
Preterm infants may need supplement |
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Function of Vitamin K: Aqua-Mephyton |
Necessary for production of clotting factors |
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Food sources of Vitamin K: Aqua-Mephyton |
Pork, liver, green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, egg yolks, cheese |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin K: Aqua-mephyton |
Administer Vitamin K to newborns. Intake may be decreased in clients receiving warfarin and dicumarol antocoagulants |
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Function of Vitamin B1: Thiamine |
Necessary for healthy nervous system, coenzyme for carbodohydrate metabolism |
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Food sources for Vitamin B1:Thiamine |
Pork, beef, legumes, whole grains, enriched cereals, green vegetables |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin B1: Thiamine |
Clients with increased metabolic rate need more Vitamin B1 (clients with fever, pregnant, or receiving long term IV therapy). Also increase intake in alcoholic clients |
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Function of Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine |
Stimulates heme production for RBC's, necessary for antibody formation |
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Food sources of Vitamin B6: Pyrodixine |
Organ meats, wheat and corn cereal grains, soybeans, tuna, chicken and salmon |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine |
Be aware of drug induced deficiencies including isoniazid and oral contraceptives |
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Function of Vitamin B12: Cobalamin |
Formation of normal RBC's, nerve function |
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Food sources of VItamin B12: Cobalamin |
Meat, liver, fish, poultry, milk, eggs, cheese |
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Nursing Implications of Vitamin B12: Cobalamin |
Supplement necessary for clients with gastric resection; must have intrinsic factor for normal absorption |
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Function of Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid |
Increases absorption of iron for hemoglobin formation, necessary for collagen formation, and an antioxidant |
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Food sources of Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid |
Citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, potatoes, cabbage, broccoli, melons and spinach |
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Nursing Implications regarding Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid |
Cook vegetables witha lid and minimum water added. Need for Vitamin C is increased during growth or conditions that cause in increase in metabolism |
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Function of Iron (Fe) |
Normal formation of hemoglobin, essential part of enzymes |
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Food sources of Iron (Fe) |
Red meat such as liver, pork, and beef; poultry; beans; whole grains; enriched infant formulas; enriched cereals and breads |
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Nursing Implications regarding Iron (Fe) |
Administer iron between meals with citrus juices to increase absorption; avoid use of antacids; stool will be black; Increase iron intake for clients with iron-deficiency anemias, vegetarians, pregnant woman and infants consuming excessive amounts of milk |
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Function of Calcium (Ca) |
Normal formation of bone and teeth; muscle contraction, especially the heart; clotting factors; normal nerve conduction |
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Food sources of Calcium (Ca) |
Dairy products, dark-green leafy vegetables, fortified grains and cereals, sardines |
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Nursing Implications regarding Calcium (Ca) |
Adequate intake is needed for normal bone and tooth formation. Administer IV preparations with caution because of effects on heart. Increase supplements during pregnancy and lactation and after menopause. |
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Function of potassium (K) |
Acid-base balance, nerve conduction, cardiac muscle contraction |
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Food sources of potassium (K) |
Dried fruits, bananas, citrus fruits, tomatoes, avocados |
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Nursing Implications regarding Potassium (K) |
Supplement when client is taking diuretics. Decreased potassium increases effects of Digoxin (digitalis) |
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Function of Sodium (Na) |
Acid-base balance, fluid balance |
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Food sources of Sodium (Na) |
Table salt, processed foods |
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Nursing Implications of Sodium (Na) |
Sodium deficiency is rare, focus is on decreasing intake except in situations of significant sodium loss (CF, diaphoresis) |
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What is the purpose of a clear liquid diet? |
To begin introduction of food after removal of NG tube, after GI surgery and/or before GI diagnostics |
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What foods are allowed on a clear liquid diet? |
Liquids that are clear, such as tea and coffee without cream, apple juice, ice pops, broth, clear sodas |
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What foods are restricted on a clear liquid diet? |
Milk products, juice with pulp, any solid food, anything that is not liquid at room temperature |
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What is the purpose of a full liquid diet? |
To begin introduction of food after NG tube or GI surgery |
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What foods are allowed on a full liquid diet? |
Any food that is liquid at room temperature |
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What foods are restricted on a full liquid diet? |
Any solid food |
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What is the purpose of a soft diet? |
To progress diet as tolerated; food should be easy to chew and swallow |
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What foods are allowed on a soft diet? |
Soft, tender foods that are easy to swallow and digest; eggs |
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What foods are restricted on a soft diet? |
Highly seasoned foods, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, fried foods |
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What is the purpose of a mechanical soft diet? |
To assist clients who cannot chew effectively |
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What foods are allowed with a mechanical soft diet? |
Soft foods that are easy to chew and swallow |
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What foods are restricted on a mechanical soft diet? |
Tough foods that are difficult to digest and swallow; steak |
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What is the purpose of a bland diet? |
To eliminate foods irritating to the digestive system; used in clients after GI surgery, and those with peptic ulcer disease and GI inflammatory problems |
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What foods are allowed on a bland diet? |
Milk, custards, refined cereals, creamed soups, potatoes (baked or broiled); all foods are white; no bright colored foods |
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What foods are restricted on a bland diet? |
HIghly seasoned or strong flavored floods; tea, colas, coffee, fruits, whole grains, raw fruits |
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What is the purpose of a low-residue diet? |
To decrease fiber or stool in GI tract; acute episodes of enteritis, diarrhea, before/or after GI surgery |
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What foods are allowed in a low residue diet? |
Clear liquids, meats, fats, eggs, refined cereals, white bread, peeled white potatoes, small amounts of milk |
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What foods are restricted on a low residue diet? |
Cheeses; whole grains; raw fruits and vegetables; high carbodyhydrate foods which are usually high in residue and fiber |
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What is the purpose of a high-residue diet? |
To prevent constipation and acute diveriticulitis; recommended for clients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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What foods are allowed on a high residue diet? |
Raw fruits and vegetables; whole grains; high-carb foods, which are high in residue and fiber |
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Which foods are restricted on a high residue diet? |
Indigestible fibers, celery, whole corn, seeds such as sesame or poppy, foods with small seeds |
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What is the purpose of a lactose free diet? |
To prevent GI effects of lactose intolerance |
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What foods are allowed on a lactose free diet? |
Nonmilk products, yogurt |
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What foods are restricted on a lactose free diet? |
Milk and milk products, processed foods that may have dried milk as a filler |
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What is the purpose of a PKU diet? |
To control intake of phenylalanine, an essential acid; affected children cannot metabolize it |
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What foods are allowed on a PKU diet? |
Specially prepared infant formula if infant is not breastfed, vegetables, fruits, juices, some cereals, and breads; may allow 20-30 mg of phenylalanine per kilgram of body weight to fulfill normal growth needs |
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What foods are restricted on a PKU diet? |
Most high protein foods, including meat and dairy products |
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What is the purpose of a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet? |
To prevent gall bladder spasms, clients with increased cholesterol levels or problems with malabsorption of fat (CF) |
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What foods are allowed on a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet? |
Low-fat or fat-free milk, fruits, vegetables, breads, cereals, reduced amounts of red meat |
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What foods are restricted on a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet? |
Egg yolks, whole milk, fried foods, processed cheese, shrimp, avocado, pastries, butter |
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What is the purpose of a low sodium diet? |
To reduce sodium intake to decrease retention of fluids, especially in clients with cardiac disease or hypertension |
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What food are allowed on a low sodium diet? |
Salt free preparation, fresh fruits, vegetabales with no added salt |
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What foods are restricted on a low sodium diet? |
Processed foods, smoked or salted meats, prepared foods, frozen and canned vegetables, breads and pastries |
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What is the purpose of a high potassium diet? |
To replace lost potassium in clients taking diuretics or digitalis |
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What foods are allowed on a high potassium diet? |
Dried fruits, fruit juices, fresh fruits (bananas, apricots, grapefruit, oranges, and tomatoes), sweet potatoes and legumes |
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What foods are restricted on a high potassium diet? |
No specific restrictions |
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What is the purpose of the renal diet? |
Control potassium, sodium, and protein levels in clients with renal problems |
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What foods are allowed on the renal diet? |
High biologic protein (Limited intake): eggs, milk, meat; decreased sodium products and decreased potassium (cabbage, peas, cucumbers are low in potassium) |
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Which foods are restricted on the renal diet? |
High potassium foods (dried fruits), high sodium foods (processed foods), salt substitutes with high potassium content |
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What is the purpose of a low-purine diet? |
To decrease serum levels of uric acid; prescribed for clients with gout and high levels of uric acid |
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What foods are allowed on the low-purine diet? |
Vegetables, fruits, cereals, eggs, fat free milk, cottage cheese |
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What food are restricted on the low-purine diet? |
Glandular meats, fish, poultry, nuts, beans, oatmeal, whole wheat and cauliflower |
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What medications end in -afil? |
Genitourinary; Erectile dysfunction drugs Sildenafil Tadalafil Vardenafil |
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What medications end in -asone? |
Allergy & Asthma medications; Corticosteroids Beclomethasone Fluticasone Mometasone |
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What medications end in -azosin? |
Cardiovascular; Alpha blockers Doxazosin Prazosin Terazosin |
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What medications end in -cillin? |
Anti-infectives; Penicillins Amoxicillin Ampicillin Penicillin |
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What medications end in -dipine? |
Cardiovascular; Calcium channel blockers Amlodipine Felodipine Nifedipine |
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What medications end in -olol? |
Cardiovascular; Beta Blockers Atenolol Metorpolol Propranolol |
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What medications end in -pam? |
Mental health; Antianxiety Diazepam Lorazepam Citalopram |
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What medications end in -pril? |
Cardiovascular; ACE inhibitors Benazapril Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril Ramipril |
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What medications end in -romycin? |
Anti-infectives; Macrolides Azithromycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin |
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What medications end in -statin? |
Cardiovascular; Antilipemic Atorvastatin Fluvastatin Lovastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin |
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What medications end in -tidine? |
GI; Antiulcer Cimeditine Famotidine Ranitidine |
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What medications end in -vir? |
Anti-infectives; Antiviral Acyclovir Oseltamivir Valacyclovir |
