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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the planets orbit the sun..
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in the same direction
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2 types of planets
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earthlike (terrrestrial) and Jovian (Jupiterlike)
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Densitydepends on an objects...
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composition
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terrestrial planets
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(inner planets) are made of rocky and heavy materials such as iron, silicon, magnesium, nickel , sulfur, oxygen) and have dense iron cores giving these planets high average densities
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jovian planets
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(outer planets) are made of light elements such as hydrogen and helium which give these planets low average densities
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depending on the temp of a planet's environment...
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it can be composed of gases, ices, and/or rock
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temp is related to distance to the sun
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inner planets are about 300-700 K and outer planets are 40-125 K
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How does temp change the composition of planets?
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iron, silicon are solid at temps<1000K while H2O, CO2, CH4 are solid ice at T<100-300K in the outer solar system
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Terrestrial planets in our solar system
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4 inner planets-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
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Characteristics of the terrestrial planets
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small, high average densities, composed primarily of rocky materials, surfaces with mts, craters, valleys, volcanoes, Earth is the largest of the 4
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Jovian planets in our solar system
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4 giant outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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Characteristics of the Jovian planets
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large diameters, low average densities, primarily composed of fluid hydrogen and helium, visible surfaces are cloud formations in atmosphere, Jupiter is the largest
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Environment temperature along with planetary mass
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also determines whether or not a terrestrial planet will retain an atmosphere.
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Pluto is a special case
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smaller than any of the terrestrial planets, intermediate agv density which suggests it's composted of a mix of ice and rock (also it's orbit is more eccentric)
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7 moons almost as big as terrestrial planets
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Moon (Earth), Io (Jupiter), Europa, Ganymede, Calisto, Titon (Saturn), Triton (Neptune)
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Asteroids
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small rocky objects (Comets and Kuiper Belt Objects are made of dirty ice) these are remnants from the formation of the planets
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Pluto can be thought of...
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as one of the largest members of the Kuiper belt
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KBO's
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Originally was a scientific theory, part of larger class called trans-Neptunian objects
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large KBOs and candidate dwarf planets
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Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris
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Cratering on planets and satellites
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result of impacts from interplanetary debris
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impact crater
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result of an asteroid, comet, or meteoroid colliding with the surface of a terrestrial planet or satellite
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geologic activity
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renews the surface and erases craters, so a terrestrial world with extensive cratering has an old surface and little or no geologic activity
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geologic activity is powered by internal heat
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smaller worlds lose heat more rapidly, as a general rule smaller terrestrial worlds are less geologically active and more extensively cratered
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planet with magnetic field...
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indicated fluid interior in motion
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dynamo
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Planetary magnetic fields are produced by the motion of electrically conducting liquids inside the planet
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no magnetic field
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evidence that there is little such liquid material in the planet’s interior or that the liquid is not in a state of motion
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magnetic fields of terrestrial planets
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Are produced by metals such as iron in the liquid state
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stronger fields of Jovian planets...
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are generated by liquid metallic hydrogen (Jupiter, Saturn) or by water with ionized molecules dissolved in it (Uranus, Neptune)
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The planets, satellites, comets, asteroids, and the Sun itself
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formed from the same cloud of interstellar gas and dust
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composition of this cloud...
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was shaped by cosmic processes, including nuclear reactions that took place within stars that died long before our solar system was formed
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Different planets formed in different environments
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depending on their distance from the Sun and these environmental variations gave rise to the planets and satellites of our present-day solar system
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planets formed by
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a spinning disk of gas and dust spinning around a young sun-eventually dust grains clump into planetesimals which collide and collect into planets
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