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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First Ionisation Energy |
Energy needed to remove one electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions |
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Successive Ionisation Energy |
A measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn |
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2nd Ionisation Energy |
The energy needed to remove an electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions |
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Ionic bonding |
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
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Covalent Bond |
A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons |
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Electronegativity |
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond |
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Permanent dipole |
A small charge difference across a bond that results from a difference in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms |
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Polar Covalent Bond |
Has a permanent dipole |
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Hydrogen bond |
Strong dipole dipole attraction between an electron efficient hydrogen on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom on a different molecule |
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Properties of Water |
Ice is less dense than water: H bonds hold water molecules apart in an open lattice. Water has relatively high melting and boiling points: H bonds are extra forces over and above Van der Waals'. Extra forces have to be over come. Extra intermolecular forces also explain surface tension and viscosity of H2O. |
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Metallic Bonding |
The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons |
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Giant ionic Lattice |
A 3D structure of oppositely charged ions held together by strong ionic bonds |
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Giant Metallic Lattice |
A 3D structure of positive metal ions and delocalised electrons held by strong metallic bonds |
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Simple molecular lattice |
3D structure of molecules bonded together by weak intermolecular forces |
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Giant covalent lattice |
3D structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds |
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Trigonal planar |
3 bondig pairs of electrons around central atom. 120°. |
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Tetrahedral |
4 bonding pairs around central atom. 109.5° |
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Octahedral |
6 bonding pairs around central atom. 90° |
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Pyramidal |
3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair. 107° |
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Non-linear |
2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs. 104.5° |
