Arts Of Africa Midterm Review

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Jenne, Mali

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1000 to 1500 AD
Fulani are from there

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Susan & Rob McIntosh

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studyed Jenne in early 1900's

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Degrunne

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scholar that studied Jenne

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Nok

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600 BC to 200 AD
Nigeria

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Dogon

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Mali
Moved to cliffs after arrival of Mossi cavalry

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Hogon

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from Dogon people
spiritual leader of village
chosen from oldest members of village
most powerful person in community

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Master of Ogol

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Unknown artist that created many identifiable pieces
one of the only artists whose work is identified

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Kanaga

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from Dogon
mask used at funerals
represents either lizard (associated with sun) or ancestor women
believed that it is a male and female pair with the Sirige mask

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Satimbe

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from Dogon
mask to represent important elderly women who have witnessed two Great mask ceremonies
women are very honored and respected in community due to old age

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Marcel Griaule

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French scholar who studied Dogon

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Walu

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antelope in Dogon: legend is that the Walu tried to protect the sun

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Bamana

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have animal masks that all have different characters
different people: Jo, Ntomo, Kore & Komo

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Jo

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subculture of Bamana
dedicated to continuity of community life
after mens initiation, leave home town to find potentil wives, carry female statues

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Gwan

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subculture of Bamana
address the creative forces responsible for human fertility

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Ntomo

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subculture of Bamana
separates prepubescent boys from society because they are considered unsuitable or wild animals
masks worn by boys before they are circumcised
re-enact creation of the world

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Ci Wara

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spirit from Bamana
wild animal, helped people learn how to farm
masqueraders are bent over and transform into from two legged dancers into four legged animals
in the North masks are carved in horizontal style
in the east masks are carved in vertical style (very recognizable, corporate logos)
in south masks are carved in abstract style

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Kore

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from Bamana
powerful Jo society
for male elders & sometimes women; reinforce the common values of society; raise funds in order to sponsor theater, challenging immoral actions by sexually explicit gestures; Kore horse is called Kore duga

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Komo

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from Bamana
powerful Jo society
wear frightening masks to ward off witchcraft; have horns/tusks & teeth; women and non-members are not allowed at Komo ceremonies; covered in sacrificial things

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Mossi

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Burkina Faso
two major seperate groups: Nakomse & Nyonyose
did not exist before 1500 AD when the cavalry came and integrated with previous natives

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Nakomse

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(people of power) descendants of cavalry that took over Burkina Faso; Mossi chiefs from Nakomse class; art: royal figures carved out of wood, cast brass objects

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Nyonyose

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(people of earth) descendants of ancient farming people, farmers; natives before Nakomse arrived; some are descended from Dogon; All Nyonyose are Mossi, but not all Mossi and Nyonyose; art: masks, spiritual objects; spiritual power of Nyonyose is very opposed to political power of Nakomse (enemies)

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Mossi: Southwest

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red white and black geometric patterns that represent moral and ethical laws, masks in the forms of animals; worn on top of head; extremely conservative; resistance to change in religious beliefs

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Mossi: North

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plank masks with antelope horns; most well-known Mossi styles; red white and black geometric patterns; similar to Dogon masks; less aggressive, less secretive, less conservative

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Mossi: East

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plank masks with branches; black and white pigments with little red; similar to Kurumba; Boulsa Style: appear and funerals; masks of three types, father, mother, and child, represent bush spirits, appear at funerals

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Biiga

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from Mossi
women figures than are known to represent fertility
treated as real child
passed down from mother to daughter

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Bwa

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Burkina Faso
cultural sponges: first worshiped Dwo, then Lanle, then Mamy Wata

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Boni

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city of Bwa; made of adobe; not wealthy; very cultural

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Dwo

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from Bwa
god of forest; people believed that Earth was made by Dwo; wear leaf masks to represent

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Lanle

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Bwa people went through string of hardships so they thought Dwo abandoned them, turned to neighbors in East and asked if they could worship their God; wood masks; circles represent sacred wells; wear wooden masks

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Mamy Wata

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from Bwa
spirit of fertility, abundance, and personal acheievement; represents Africans efforts to acquire luxuries that they saw the Europeans with; often depicted as a mermaid; common photograph of snake charmer lady quickly became adopted as representation

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Lobi

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Burkina Faso
do not use masks
carve figures for invented spirits

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Boteba

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from Lobi
carved wooden figures that make spirits visible

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Thil

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from Lobi
the spirits that Boteba figures represent

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Invented Spirits

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spirits that are created in order to solve a specific problem

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Bidyogo

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on Guinea Coast
grow rice; important spot during Atlantic Slave Trade
made huge canoes
cows are symbol of power

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Iran

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from Bidyogo
ancestor figures often wearing top hats

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Orebuco

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from Bidyogo
creator god of Bidyogo people

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Bissagos Islands

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islands that Bidyogo people live on
grow rice
use large canoes form transportation and fishing

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Hugo Adolph Benatzik

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Austrian photographer that took many photos of Bidyogo

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Mende

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Sierra Leone
culture where women are very important
descended from Mande speaking invaders

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Sande

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name of women society
girls are excited to become part of women type sorority; masks are carved out of white board & then coated in black gloss; wear old fashioned clothing; wear gold jewelry; taken to forest where washed off in pond, then taken back into town to be admired/congradulated

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Sowei (mask)

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appears to women in dreams, women then go see sculptor to describe what she looked like and to have her carved; elaborate coiffure (up style hairdo, sign of wealth, intricate hair braids refer to role of women as planters/cultivators), & ringed neck ( representation of neck lines, also refer to concentric ripples of river water)

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Ruth Phillips

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wrote Representing Women
studied Mende people

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Afro-Portuguese Ivories

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made by Africans for Europeans; look like African pieces of art, but never items that are used by Africans; often are decorated or created in styles that satisfy European wants; traded along the coasts of Portugul

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Salt cellars

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from Afro-Portuguese Ivories
stored in homes, placed in center of table; if seated above the salt you are in the higher class, if seated below the salt you are lower class; European pieces, not used by Africans; looked African because they were made in Africa and sold directly to Europeans

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Baule

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make spirit spouse figures
farm coco beans

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Asie usu

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name of the spirit spouse figures> spouses that they left in the spirit world

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Susan Vogel

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scholar that studied Baule