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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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High Empire (2nd c.)
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96-192
-Nerva (96-98) -Trajan (98-117) -Hadrian (117-138) -[Antonine Dynasty]: --Antoninus Pius (138-161) --Marcus Aurelius (161-180) --Commodus (180-192) |
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Late Empire (3rd c.)
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Severans (193-217 AD):
-Septimius Severus (193-212 AD) -Caracalla (212-217 AD) -Soldier Emperors (217-284 AD) |
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Flavians
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(69-96) Vespasian, Titus, Domitian
-Stability -Vespasian established Dynasty -Titus victory over Jerusalem -Art & Monuments: celebrated war & peace --> Templum Pacis: celebrates peace after civil war --> Colosseum, Bath of Titus, Arch of Titus: built over Nero's Golden House (act of favor; return public land to public) |
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Trajan 98-117
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-Optimus Princeps
-Enlarged empire -Impressive building program -->Forum celebrating victories over Dacians -->Art: Self Propaganda= Forum, Markets, Bath, Arch of Benevento |
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Hadrian 117-138
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Art: based off Greek Art (additionally to classical; ties to Augustan Art)
Architecture: innovation--> Curvilinear walls, use of water Sculpture: Elements of Novelty --> Villa Adriana, Pantheon, Temple of Venus and Roma, Chetsworth Relief, Hunting Tondi, Arco di Portogallo, Adventus Relief, Mausoleum |
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Antoninus Pius 138-161
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No building program --> Noteworthy for completion of predecessors monuments
Art: Mirrors his pietas --> Temple of Divus Hadrianus |
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Marcus Aurelius 161-180
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-Innovation
Portraiture: development & innovation, attention to state of mind; personality -Column in Campus Martius |
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Ostia 2nd c.
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Dates: Founded in 300 BC.; 2nd c. Trajan built larger harbor [created economic boom]); 2nd c. Hadrian built Capitolium & Baths of Neptune; Commodus (remodeled theater)
Function: Originally: defend mouth of Tiber River, trading, fishing & salt Preservation: hurried excavations, poor records; excavations now occurring on small scale (most uncovered) Layout: not typical grid system; started & grew outwards as needed Historical: -importation of grain; Exposed brickwork (grain storehouses) -Capitolium: dedicated to Jupiter, Juno & Minerva; northern area of civic center; brick, concrete, marble -Baths of Neptune: dedicated to Hadrian and Antonious Pius; baths on one side (contrasts Trajans bath); mosaics -Insula (90% of population); like modern day apartments -Isola Sacra Necropolis; on artificial island; large scale pagan cemetery; art from Hadrian, Antonines, & Severan Dynasty; tombs based off of real houses; only middle class found |
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Sarcophagi Production 2nd c.
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3 types: western (no back), eastern (all sides, continuous relief), Asia Minor (eastern, broken by statues)
-popular inhumation to cremation (due to Christianity) -Mythological, biographical, or battle |
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Severan Dynasty 193-217
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-Increased soldier pay
-ambitious building program in Rome & Leptis Magna (hometown): Arch in the Forum Romanum, Dynastic Relief, Arch of Argentarii, Bath of Caracalla |
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Soldier Emperors 217-284
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-Political instability
-Necessity of controlling the frontiers -Major monuments unable to be planned; exception Aurelian City Walls -Flourish in portraiture and sarcophagi Portraiture: Necessity to distribute throughout empire; hallmarks: anxiety and introspection; lack classical composure of 1st & 2nd c.; Model: Adult Caracalla--> emphasis on solid physical features (military man) and fearsome personality |
