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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ACID
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makes H+ ions when dissolved in water
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ACTIVATION ENERGY
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the minimum amount of energy required for a successful reaction to happen between colliding particles
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ALKALI
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water soluble base that makes OH- ions when dissolved in water
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ANHYDROUS
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water is absent in a crystal product (e.g anhydrous Copper Sulphate is white)
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ANODE
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positive electrode. Negative ions attracted to it
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AQUEOUS SOLUTION
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a solution that contains water as the solvent
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ATOMIC NUMBER
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number of protons or electrons an element has
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BASE
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substance that will neutralise an acid
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BAUXITE
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an ore that contains Aluminium
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BRINE
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Aqueous solution of salt (Sodium Chloride) and water
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CATALYST
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speeds up reaction, lowers activation energy, unchanged at end of reaction
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CATHODE
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negative electrode in electrolysis. Positive ions attracted to it
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CHROMATOGRAPHY
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a method for separating different mixtures of chemicals based on their properties (e.g. solubility)
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COLLISION THEORY
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describes how particles behave in a reaction
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CONCENTRATION
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the ‘amount’ of substance
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CORROSION
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electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material
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COVALENT BOND
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pair of electrons shared between non-metals
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CRYOLITE
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is a flux used to lower the melting point of Aluminium Oxide
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DECOMPOSE
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break down into simpler compounds or elements
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DELOCALISED
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where electrons are free to move within structure, allows a charge to be carried
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DIAMOND
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Giant covalent lattice made from Carbon atoms
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DUCTILE
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able to be drawn into thin wires
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ELECTROLYSIS
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decomposing IONIC compounds into elements using electricity
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ELECTROLYTE
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the molten salt or salt solution electrolysis is carried out in
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ELECTRON
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one of 3 particles that makes up an atom, has negative charge, found outside of the atom nucleus
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ELECTRON SHELL
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where electrons are found in an atom, electrons fill shells in the sequence 2,8,8,2.
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ELECTROPLATING
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Coat (a metal object) by electrolytic deposition with another metal
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ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION
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attraction between particles with opposite charges
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EMPIRICAL FORMULA
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simplest ratio of atoms in a compound
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ENDOTHERMIC
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a reaction which takes in heat energy from its surroundings
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EQUILIBRIUM
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A ‘balance’ in a reversible reaction when rate of forwards and backwards reaction are equal
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EXOTHERMIC
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a reaction which releases heat energy
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FORMULA MASS
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atomic masses added together
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FULLERENES
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A form of carbon having a large spheroidal molecule consisting of a hollow cage of atoms
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GRAPHITE
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Giant covalent lattice. Made of Carbon atoms. Layers can slide over each other. Has delocalised electrons
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HYDRATED
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when water is present in a crystal (e.g. Hydrated Copper Sulphate is Blue)
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HYDROXIDE
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ions that make a solution alkaline
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INDICATOR
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changes colour according to the pH of the solution
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INSOLUBLE
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will not dissolve in water
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INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
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weak force between simple molecules
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ION
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an element that has a charge (because it has lost or gained an electron)
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IONIC BONDING
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electrons are transferred from metal to non-metal atoms to make ions
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ISOTOPE
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atoms of same element with different numbers of neutrons
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LATTICE
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a 3-D structure with a repeating arrangement of atoms or ions
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MACROMOLECULE
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a large molecular structure (e.g giant covalent)
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MALLEABLE
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layers of metal ions can slide over each other so metals can be shaped
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MASS (Mr)
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the formula mass of a compound
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MASS SPECTROMETRY
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detects the mass or charge of chemicals in a substance
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MOLE
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number of particles of substance equal to the formula mass of a compound
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MOLECULAR ION PEAK
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the peak in a spectrum corresponding to the mass of the molecular weight of the compound
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MOLTEN
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liquefied by heat - particles are free to move
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MONOMER
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an alkene unit used to form polymers
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
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science of particles on a very very small scale
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NEUTRAL
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equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions
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NEUTRALISATION
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reaction when an acid reacts completely with a base to give a salt and water
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NITRATES
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salts formed by the reation of Nitric Acid with a base
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NUCLEUS
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centre of the atom – contains protons and neutrons
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NEUTRON
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has no charge and a mass of 1. Found in the nucleus
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OXIDATION
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the loss of electrons
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PRECIPITATE
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when you get a solid formed in solution
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PRODUCT
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what is made in a chemical reaction (on right hand side of equation)
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PROTON
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has a positive charge. Found in the nucleus. Mass of 1
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REACTANT
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the reacting chemicals in a reaction (on left side of equation)
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REACTION RATE
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how fast the reaction happens
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REDOX
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a reaction where oxidation and reduction happen
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REDUCTION
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the gain of electrons
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REVERSIBLE
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reaction can go forwards and backwards (double arrows)
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RETENTION TIME
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the amount of time taken from the injection of a sample into a Gas Chromatography machine to the recording of the maximum peak in the sample
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REVERSIBLE REACTION
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where the reactants make the products and products can re-form the reactants
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SOLUBLE
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dissolves in water
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SOLUTE
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substance being dissolved
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SOLUTION
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mixture of solvent and solute
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SULFATES
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salts formed when Sulfuric Acid reacts with a base
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SUSTAINABLE
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using resources without affecting the ability of people in the future to use those resources
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THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
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breaking down into simpler compounds using heat
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THERMOSOFTENING
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polymers that can be re-heated and re-moulded
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THERMOSETTING
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once set, these polymers cannot be remoulded
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TRANSITION METALS
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middle block of metals in the Periodic Table
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YIELD
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the amount of product you make in a reaction
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