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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cotton Production
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Cotton Production grew in the south and hence slavery did too. Planters bought more slaves and land to grow more cotton, in order to buy more slaves and land. Northern shippers benefited from this as well. They would transport them to England. Then their manufactures would end up in America. The South produced half of the world's cotton. This held foreign nations in bondage. This gave the South power and possible English support.
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Planter Aristocracy
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The South was an oligarchy. The Oligarchy was heavily influenced by a planter aristocracy. In 1850 only 1,733 families owned more than 100 slaves each, and this select group provided the cream of the political and social leadership of the section and nation. Here was the mint-julep South of the tall-columned and white painted plantation mansion—the “big house,’’ where dwelt the “cottonocracy.’ They educated their children abroad or privately. It furthered the gap between the rich and poor and stopped them from supporting public education. they created a feudalistic society.
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"Land Butchery"
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Plantation agriculture was wasteful, largely because King Cotton and his money-hungry
subjects despoiled the good earth. Quick profits led to excessive cultivation, or “land butchery,’’ which in turn caused a heavy leakage of population to the West and Northwest. |
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One-crop economy
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Dependence on one crop for the economy to prosper. This discouraged a healthy diversification of agriculture and particular manifacturing. Economy was just supported by cotton.
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Slave owning families
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Slaveowning families were the next on the economic hierarchy of the south. They did not own a majority of the slaves. But they did make a majority of the masters. Small farms that worked just as hard as their slaves.
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Subsistence Farmers
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is self-sufficient farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their family. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to eat during the year. Planting decisions are made with an eye toward what the family will need during the coming year, rather than market prices. They lived isolated lifes.
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"Poor white trash"
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Some of the least prosperous nonslaveholding whites were scorned even by slaves as “poor white trash.’’ Known also as “hillbillies,’’ “crackers,’’ or “clay eaters,’’ they were often described as listless,
shiftless, and misshapen. many of them were not simply lazy but sick, suffering from malnutrition and parasites. They were the strongest supporters of slavery. They wanted to remain the racial superiority, have the possibility of attaining the American dream of owning slaves, and not have to compete for jobs. |
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South's free blacks
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Were usually emancipated during the revolution or bought their freedom. Many were mulattos. In the South they were treated as a "third race" They were prohibited from working in certain occupations and forbidden from testifying against whites in court. They were always vulnerable to being high jacked back into slavery by unscrupulous slave traders. They represented emancipation and how far it could go, this was hated by defenders of slavery.
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Slave Imports after 1808
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Legal importation of African slaves into America ended in 1808. Thousands were smuggled. Dispite the death penalty for smuggling. Southern juries usually acquitted. But increase in slavery came not from importation but from reproduction.
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"Rattling good breeders
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Breeding slaves was not openly encouraged but done. Women who bore thirteen or fourteen babies were prized as “rattlin’ good breeders,’’ and some of these fecund females were promised their freedom when they had produced ten. White masters all too frequently would force their attentions on female slaves, fathering a sizable mulatto population.
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"Breakers"
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Strongwilled slaves were sometimes sent to “breakers,’’ whose technique consisted mostly in lavish laying on of the lash.
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Slave marriage
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Large plantations harbored slave communities. Family lives for slaves were stable. Forced separations of spouses, parents, and children were more common on smaller plantations. Slave marriages vows proclaimed " Until death or distance do you part" They did not marry their first cousins like hillbillies and they had a stable two parent household when possible.
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Gabriel
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In 1800 an armed insurrection led by a slave named Gabriel in Richmond, Virginia, was foiled by informers, and its leaders were hanged.
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Denmark Vesey
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Denmark Vesey, a free black, led another ill-fated rebellion in Charleston in 1822. Also betrayed by informers, Vesey and more than thirty followers were publicly strung from the gallows.
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Nat Turner
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(1880-1831) was an American slave who led a slave rebellion that resulted in 55 deaths, the largest number of fatalities to occur in one uprising in the antebellum southern United States. He gathered supporters in Southampton County, Virginia. Turner's methodical slaughter of white civilians during the uprising makes his legacy controversial. He was a visionary black preacher.
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Theodore Dwight Weld
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(1803-1895) was one of the leading architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years, from 1830 through 1844.Weld played a role as writer, editor, speaker, and organizer. He is best known for his co-authorship of the authoritative compendium, American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses, published in 1839. Harriet Beecher Stowe partly based Uncle Tom’s Cabin on Weld's text and it is regarded as second only to that work in its influence on the antislavery movement. Weld remained dedicated to the abolitionist movement until slavery was ended. He became drawn into the abolitionist movement after the Second Awakening. He was inspired by Finney and was self educated. He fanned across the Old Northwest preaching anti slavery along with his fellow "Lane Rebels"
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William Lloyd Garrison/ The Liberator
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(1805-1879) was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. Garrison was also a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement and a notable critic of the prevailing conservative religious orthodoxy that supported slavery and opposed suffrage for women.He triggered a word war that help lead to the Civil War. He was one of the most radical figures in the movement and called for a northern secession from the South antagonizing both sextions. He was a nonresistant pacifist and a poor organizer.
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Wendel Phillips
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(1811-1884) was an American abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans, and orator. He was an exceptional orator and agitator, advocate and lawyer, writer and debater. He was dedicated to the cause and supported Garrison helping found the Anti-Slavery Society. He was a man of strict principle in Boston and would boycott sugar and cotton.
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David Walker
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(1785-1830) was an American black abolitionist, most famous for his pamphlet David Walker's Appeal To the Coloured Citizens of the World – among the most powerful anti-slavery works ever written. Walker denounced the American institution of slavery as the most oppressive in world history and called on people of African descent to resist slavery and racism by any means. The book terrified southern slave owners, who immediately labeled it seditious. A price was placed on Walker's head: $10,000 if he were brought in alive, $1,000 if dead.
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Sojurner Truth
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(1797-1883) was the self-given name, from 1843, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York. Her best-known speech, Ain't I a Woman?, was delivered in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. She held audience spellbounded with her deep, resonant voice and teh religious passion with which she condemed the sin of slavery.
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Frederick Douglas
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(1818-1895) was an American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. Called "The Sage of Anacostia" and "The Lion of Anacostia", Douglass is one of the most prominent figures in African American and United States history. He was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant. He was fond of saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." He escaped from bondage in 1838. He was born a slave in Maryland and escaped to the North. He served as U.S. Minister to Haiti. He looked to politics not violence to end slavery.
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White Apologists
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Whites who were trying to justify slavery. ithe whole of the consensus of the views of those who defend a position in an argument of long standing such as slavery. Their responses were that master slave relationships resembled that of a family. That God justified slavery and how "well" they were actually treated.
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Gag Resolutions
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is a rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration or discussion of a particular topic by members of a legislative or decision-making body. Such rules are often criticized because they abridge freedom of speech, which is normally given extremely high value when exercised by members of legislative or decision-making bodies. In 1836 the south drove through the House with this resolution. This brought out the fight in John Quincy Adams.
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Elijah P.Lovejoy
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(1802-1837) was an American Presbyterian minister, journalist, and newspaper editor who was murdered by a mob in Alton, Illinois for his abolitionist views. Not content to assail slavery, impugned the chastity of Catholic women. His printing press was was destroyed four times, and in 1837 he was killed by a mob and became “the martyr abolitionist.’’
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