Apus Chapter 2

Front 1

Separatist Puritans; non-separatist puritans

Back 1

Separatist Puritans believed the Church of England needed to be Purified and that it was beneficial to just break away from the church; non-separatists believed there was still hope

Front 2

joint-stock company

Back 2

selling stock to investors; funded English colonies

Front 3

the Northwest Passage

Back 3

the French wanted to find a quick passage to the pacific via the northwest

Front 4

Conversion experience

Back 4

an experience in which a person accepts Jesus as their savior; caused controversy in doctrinal issues among Christians

Front 5

social reciprocity

Back 5

giving of one thing in exchange for another; form of trade; used by Native Americans

Front 6

the Gold Coast

Back 6

the coast of Africa that contained Gold; many Africans flocked there for profit

Front 7

European concept of a "degree"

Back 7

social rank

Front 8

the family as a "little commonwealth"

Back 8

the father earned most of the income, the mother raised the children and earned income, the children also earned income and would support parents after they grew up

Front 9

Martin Luther; John Calvin

Back 9

Martin Luther disapproved of the selling of indulgences and made a list of all the things that were wrong with the Catholic church - started the Protestant Reformation; John Calvin was a protestant who believed in predestination

Front 10

Anabaptists; Jesuits

Back 10

Anabaptists believed that you had to have a conversion experience before you could be baptised; Jesuits were militant religious order of royal advisers and missionaries

Front 11

Church of England

Back 11

formed by Henry VIII; broke away from Catholic church in 1534

Front 12

Puritanism

Back 12

the believe that the Church of England needed to be purified of Catholic influences

Front 13

the "new slavery"

Back 13

harsher form of slavery induced by Europeans in which slaves were treated more like property than like people

Front 14

Vasco Nunez de Balboa; Ferdinand Magellan

Back 14

Balboa discovered the Atlantic ocean in 1513; Magellan was the captain of the first voyage to sail all the way around the world

Front 15

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado; Hernan Cortes; Juan Ponce de Leon

Back 15

Coronado attempted to conquer the southwestern US from 1540-1542; Cortes conquered the Aztec empire from 1519-1521; Ponce de Leon established St. Augustine in 1565

Front 16

Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain

Back 16

Cartier was the first to attempt to colonize eastern Canada for France; Champlain established the first permanent French colony in North America (New France)

Front 17

Elizabethan "sea dogs"

Back 17

captains of Elizabeth's secret army ships that attacked the Spanish ships

Front 18

conquistadors and encomiendas

Back 18

conquistadors where Spanish leaders that conquered South America and brutally abused the Native Americans; encomiendas was the labor system under which Native Americans were subject to work

Front 19

the "lost colony"

Back 19

Roanoke, Virginia; established 1585; did not have enough supplies or good relations with Native Americans; disappeared in 1590 with the word "CROATOAN" carved on a post.

Front 20

Atlantic slave trade

Back 20

the Europeans bought slaves from Africa and shipped them under very harsh conditions to the Americas, where they worked under back-breaking conditions to produce labor-intensive crops

Front 21

Virginia Company of Plymouth; Virginia Company of London

Back 21

VA Comp of Plymouth was a failure - they all returned to England; VA Comp of London - Jamestown. Suffered hardships, and eventually became a royal colony

Front 22

Captain John Smith

Back 22

English military man who was young but experienced; captured by Powhatan Indians and saved the Jamestown colony; was injured by gunshot and returned to England

Front 23

Jamestown

Back 23

Colony in VA that was full of lazy colonists; was saved by the leadership of John Smith; however, after he left, the colony went back to before and was then converted to a royal colony

Front 24

Pocahontas and Opechancanough

Back 24

Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan; rumored to have saved John Smith from execution when she was 10 years old; married John Rolfe after she was captured by colonists; died in England of respiratory disease. Opechancanough was the brother of Powhatan and part of the reason the relations with colonists got steadily worse

Front 25

Fort Nassau, New Amsterdam, New Netherland

Back 25

Established by the Dutch in North America along the Hudson river by Henry Hudson in 1614

Front 26

Mayflower Compact

Back 26

Designed when the Mayflower drifted from Virginia to Massachusetts and said that the land was claimed for King James I and constituted themselves as a "civil body politic" or government

Front 27

Squanto and Samoset

Back 27

English-speaking Native Americans that helped the Plymouth Rock pilgrims learn how to thrive in America; Thanksgiving