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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 psychosexual stages and ages they happen at? |
1) Oral (birth- 1 year) 2) Anal (1-3 years) 3) Phallic (3-6 years) 4) Latency (6 years to puberty) 5) Genital (puberty to adult) |
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What happens at the oral stage? |
Libido is in baby’s mouth. Put things in mouth gives satisfaction. |
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What happens at the anal stage? |
Libido is in the anus. Satisfaction from defecating. |
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What happens at the phallic stage? |
Libido is in genitalia. Oedipus and Electra complex. |
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What happens at the latency stage? |
Libido is dormant. No further psychosexual development occurs. |
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What happens at the genital stage? |
Adolescent sexual experimentation. |
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What happens if a child doesn’t pass the oral stage? |
Oral fixation later in life e.g. smoking and nail-biting. |
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What happens if a child is harshly potty trained? |
Hates mess Obsessively tidy Punctual Respect authority |
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What does the id do? |
Primitive and instinctive component. Inherited components of personality. Present at birth. |
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What does the ego do? |
Mediates unrealistic id and superego. Considers social realities and norms. |
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What does the superego do? |
Incorporates values and morals. Develops around 3 and 5-years-old. If ego gives in to id, superego will cause extreme anxiety and guilt. |
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What did Pavlov do? |
Classical conditioning. Association of NS with UCS to produce new CS and CR. |
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What did Skinner do? |
Operant conditioning. Negative and positive reinforcement and punishment. |
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What is a real-life application of operant conditioning? |
Token economies in prisons. |
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What is vicarious reinforcement? |
Observation leads to imitation of behaviour and is vicariously reinforced. |
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What is an example of vicarious reinforcement? |
Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment. |
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What is a strength of Bandura’s experiment? |
Lab study= high control of extraneous variables. |
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How can Bandura’s experiment being done in a lab be a weakness? |
Low ecological validity. |
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How can home life effect Bandura’s study? |
May be from an aggressive household and see violent behaviour. |
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What are the stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? |
1) Physiological needs ( food, water, shelter) 2) Safety needs (personal security, employment) 3) Love and belonging (friendship, intimacy, family) 4) Self-Esteem (respect, recognition, freedom) 5) Self-actualisation (desire to become the most they can be) |
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What is unconditional positive regard? |
Where parents accept and love person for who they are. Positive regard is not withdrawn if the person does something wrong. |
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What is conditional positive regard? |
Praise and approval depends on if the parent believes the child’s behaviour is correct. Child isn’t loved for who they are but on the condition of how they behave. |
