Ap Psychology Myers 9E Chapter 1

Front 1

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

Back 1

Hindsight Bias

Front 2

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions

Back 2

Critical Thinking

Front 3

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organises observations and predicts behaviours or events

Back 3

Theory

Front 4

A testable prediction, often implied theory

Back 4

Hypnosis

Front 5

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables

Back 5

Operational Definition

Front 6

Repeating the essence of a research study to whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Back 6

Replication

Front 7

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Back 7

Case Study

Front 8

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviours of a particular group

Back 8

Survey

Front 9

All the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn

Back 9

Population

Front 10

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Back 10

Random Sample

Front 11

Observing and recording behaviour in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Back 11

Naturalistic Observation

Front 12

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus oh how well either factor predicts the other

Back 12

Correlation

Front 13

A statistical index of the relationship between two things

Back 13

Correlation Coefficient

Front 14

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables

Back 14

Scatterplots

Front 15

The perception of a relationship where none exists

Back 15

Illusory Correlation

Front 16

Research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behaviours or mental process (the dependent variable)

Back 16

Experiment

Front 17

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

Back 17

Random Assignment

Front 18

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo

Back 18

Double-Blind Procedure

Front 19

Experimental results cause by expectations alone

Back 19

Placebo Effect

Front 20

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment (i.e. the independent variable)

Back 20

Experimental Group

Front 21

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment

Back 21

Control Group

Front 22

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Back 22

Independent Variable

Front 23

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

Back 23

Dependent Variable

Front 24

The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

Back 24

Mode

Front 25

The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Back 25

Mean

Front 26

The middle score in a distribution

Back 26

Median

Front 27

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Back 27

Range

Front 28

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Back 28

Standard Deviation

Front 29

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

Back 29

Statistical Significance