Ap Psych Module 8- Emotion & Motivation

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Motivation

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A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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Instinct

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Instinct or innate behavior is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behavior.

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Drive-Reduction Theory

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A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need

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Primary Drives

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Biological needs like hunger

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Secondary Drives

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Learned needs like money

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Arousal Theory

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Our needs go beyond reducing drives- we want stimulation & excitement

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Homeostasis

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The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

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Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation

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Opponent-Process Theory. Richard Solomon (1980) has developed a theory of motivation/emotion that views emotions as pairs of opposites (for example, fear-relief, pleasure-pain). The opponent-process theory states that when one emotion is experienced, the other is suppressed.

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Incentive

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Reason to do something

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Yerkes-Dodson Law

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Arousal or stress at a moderate level is best for doing well

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Hierarchy of Needs

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motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid

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Set point Theory

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We are meant to be in a certain weight range due to heredity

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Glucose

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Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. I

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Set Point

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Hypothalamus acts like weight thermostat

We are meant to be in a certain weight range due to heredity

When we fall below that weight our body increases hunger and decreased energy expenditure

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Basal metabolic rate

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Find out your BMR with this handy calculator! Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state (meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about twelve hours of fasting)

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Sexual Response Cycle

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excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasmic phase, and resolution phase.

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Refractory Period

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a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation.

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Sexual Dysfunction

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Sexual dysfunction (or sexual malfunction or sexual disorder) is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexualactivity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.

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Estrogen

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Estrogen or oestrogen is the primary female sex hormone as well as a medication. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

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Testosterone

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Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is used to treat male hypogonadism and certain types of breast cancer. It may also be used to increase athletic ability in the form of doping.

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I/O Psychologist

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I/O psychology involves the scientific study of human behavior in the workplace and applies psychological theories and principles to organizations and individuals in their places of work.

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Anorexia

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Restriction; out of control

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Bulimia

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Cycle of purging and binging

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Personnel Psychologist

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Flow

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Organizational Psychologist

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Emotion

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James-Lange Theory

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Cannon-Bard Theory

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Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory

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Catharsis

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Feel Good/Do Good Phenomenon

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Subjective Wellbeing

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Adaption Level Phenomenon

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Relative deprivation

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Stress

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General adaption syndrome

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Tend and Befriend Response

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Psychophysiological illness

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Psychoneurimmunology

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Lymphocytes

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a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system.

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Coronary Heart Disease

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Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels.

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Type A Personality

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personalities that are more competitive, outgoing, ambitious, impatient and/or aggressive

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Type B Personality

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more relaxed personalities

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Obesity

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the condition of being grossly fat or overweight.

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Achievement Motivation

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Achievement motivation can be defined as the need for success or the attainment of excellence. Individuals will satisfy their needs through different means, and are driven to succeed for varying reasons both internal and external.

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Extrinisic motivation

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Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual

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Intrinsic motivators

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Intrinsic motivation is defined as performing an action or behavior because you enjoy the activity itself. Whereas acting on extrinsic motivation is done for the sake of some external outcome, the inspiration for acting on intrinsic motivation can be found in the action itself.

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Approach-Approach Conflict

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A conflict between two desired gratifications ( approach-approach conflict), as when a youth has to choose between two attractive and practicable careers, may lead to some vacillation but rarely to great distress.

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Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

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psychological conflict that results when a choice must be made between two undesirable alternatives

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Approach-Avoidance Conflict

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Approach-avoidance conflicts occur when there is one goal or event that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously. For example, marriage is a momentous decision that has both positive and negative aspects.

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Abraham Maslow

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American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow'shierarchy of needs

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WIlliam James

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Stanley Schachter

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Hans Selye

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Masters & Johnson

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The Masters and Johnson research team, composed of William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, pioneered research into the nature of human sexual response